TY - JOUR
T1 - Intricacies of caustic production from industrial green liquor using bipolar membrane electrodialysis
AU - Eswaraswamy, Bhuvanesh
AU - Mandal, Priyabrata
AU - Goel, Priya
AU - Chandra, Anusha
AU - Chattopadhyay, Sujay
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors are grateful to acknowledge the financial supporters for sponsoring the research projects under: i) ‘Uchchatar Avishkar Yojana’ program of ‘Ministry of Human Resource Development ( MHRD )’, ‘ Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change ’, Government of India and Permionics Membranes Pvt., Ltd., India (Project grant code: CSR/UAY/2016/SN, UAY-IITR_007 , dated January 04, 2017). ii) ‘Imprint-2′ Program of ‘Science and Engineering Research Board’, Department of Science and Technology , Government of India (Project grant code: IMP/2018/000282 , dated January 08, 2019). Authors thank the ‘Institute Instrumentation Center’ and ‘Department of Polymer and Process Engineering’, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee for analytical support. ‘Star Paper Mills Limited’ for providing green liquor sample. Part of the claims in the Indian patent entitled “Electro-membrane processes to recover caustic from green liquor of agro-based paper mills” filed with allotted application no. 202011047687 dated Nov. 02, 2020.
Funding Information:
Authors are grateful to acknowledge the financial supporters for sponsoring the research projects under: i) ?Uchchatar Avishkar Yojana? program of ?Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD)?, ?Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change?, Government of India and Permionics Membranes Pvt. Ltd. India (Project grant code: CSR/UAY/2016/SN, UAY-IITR_007, dated January 04, 2017). ii) ?Imprint-2? Program of ?Science and Engineering Research Board?, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (Project grant code: IMP/2018/000282, dated January 08, 2019). Authors thank the ?Institute Instrumentation Center? and ?Department of Polymer and Process Engineering?, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee for analytical support. ?Star Paper Mills Limited? for providing green liquor sample. Part of the claims in the Indian patent entitled ?Electro-membrane processes to recover caustic from green liquor of agro-based paper mills? filed with allotted application no. 202011047687 dated Nov. 02, 2020.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/6/1
Y1 - 2022/6/1
N2 - Lime based causticization of green liquor (GL, rich in Na2CO3) to white liquor (rich in NaOH) followed by lime recycling in pulp and paper mills is an energy intensive and environmentally hazardous technique. Recently membrane electrolysis is proposed to be an alternative to this, where use of single cation exchange membrane (CEM) between two electrodes limits the processing volume of the feed stream. This can be overcome through BMED (bipolar membrane electrodialysis) technique, where multiple cell pairs can be applied to process larger feed volume. Current report investigates optimization of NaOH production from synthetic-GL using a BMED stack with variation of current density (25, 50, 75 and 100 mA·cm−2), GL concentration (100%, 75%, and 50% v/v), and feed temperature (27, 40 and 50 ℃) along with multiple cell pair arrangement (1, 2 and 3). With 50 mA·cm−2, ~1.6 mol·L−1 of NaOH could be produced from 500 mL of synthetic-GL in 5 h using a three-cell pair BMED setup (effective area of 32 cm2 per cell pair), where current efficiency and energy consumption estimates were ~88.0% and ~4.7 kWh·kg−1, respectively. Under identical conditions, NaOH production performance from industrial-GL was quite comparable (deviation < 5%) to that of synthetic-GL.
AB - Lime based causticization of green liquor (GL, rich in Na2CO3) to white liquor (rich in NaOH) followed by lime recycling in pulp and paper mills is an energy intensive and environmentally hazardous technique. Recently membrane electrolysis is proposed to be an alternative to this, where use of single cation exchange membrane (CEM) between two electrodes limits the processing volume of the feed stream. This can be overcome through BMED (bipolar membrane electrodialysis) technique, where multiple cell pairs can be applied to process larger feed volume. Current report investigates optimization of NaOH production from synthetic-GL using a BMED stack with variation of current density (25, 50, 75 and 100 mA·cm−2), GL concentration (100%, 75%, and 50% v/v), and feed temperature (27, 40 and 50 ℃) along with multiple cell pair arrangement (1, 2 and 3). With 50 mA·cm−2, ~1.6 mol·L−1 of NaOH could be produced from 500 mL of synthetic-GL in 5 h using a three-cell pair BMED setup (effective area of 32 cm2 per cell pair), where current efficiency and energy consumption estimates were ~88.0% and ~4.7 kWh·kg−1, respectively. Under identical conditions, NaOH production performance from industrial-GL was quite comparable (deviation < 5%) to that of synthetic-GL.
KW - Bipolar membrane
KW - Caustic
KW - Electrodialysis
KW - Green liquor
KW - Ion transport
KW - Pulp and paper
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85128332927&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jece.2022.107628
DO - 10.1016/j.jece.2022.107628
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85128332927
SN - 2213-3437
VL - 10
JO - Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
JF - Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
IS - 3
M1 - 107628
ER -