TY - JOUR
T1 - Israeli women in the Olympic and Maccabiah games, 1932-1992
T2 - Patterns of stability and change
AU - Bar-Eli, Michael
AU - Spiegel, Adara
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a research grant from the Israel Olympic Committee. The article was written when the first author was a visiting professor at the Institute of Social Sciences, the Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education, Oslo, Norway. 1
PY - 1996/12/1
Y1 - 1996/12/1
N2 - This research is an initial attempt to sociologically investigate women in Israeli elite sport. Theoretically, this work is based mainly on the segmentation of the labor market approach. The frequency, percentages and proportion of Israeli male to female participation in both the Olympic and Maccabiah Games held between 1932 and 1992 have shown considerable stability (about 3-4 men per 1 woman), with the Olympic Games having a somewhat lower female participation rate. Women were found to participate in an increasingly growing number of types of sports over time. However, Duncan and Duncan's (1955) index of dissimilarity revealed high/average and stable levels of differentiation by gender in the Olympic and Maccabiah Games, respectively. In addition, Oppenheimer's (1970) measures revealed extremely high and stable concentration of women in separate "female" types of sports, especially in the Olympic Games. On all estimates, indices and measures, Olympic and Maccabiah Games tend to become more similar over time. It can be concluded that a stable (occupational) differentation of women exists in Israeli elite sport, which is high in the Olympic games and average to high in the Maccabiah Games. Professionalism seems to play a major role in explaining these tendencies, which is generally in line with the segmentation of the labor market approach.
AB - This research is an initial attempt to sociologically investigate women in Israeli elite sport. Theoretically, this work is based mainly on the segmentation of the labor market approach. The frequency, percentages and proportion of Israeli male to female participation in both the Olympic and Maccabiah Games held between 1932 and 1992 have shown considerable stability (about 3-4 men per 1 woman), with the Olympic Games having a somewhat lower female participation rate. Women were found to participate in an increasingly growing number of types of sports over time. However, Duncan and Duncan's (1955) index of dissimilarity revealed high/average and stable levels of differentiation by gender in the Olympic and Maccabiah Games, respectively. In addition, Oppenheimer's (1970) measures revealed extremely high and stable concentration of women in separate "female" types of sports, especially in the Olympic Games. On all estimates, indices and measures, Olympic and Maccabiah Games tend to become more similar over time. It can be concluded that a stable (occupational) differentation of women exists in Israeli elite sport, which is high in the Olympic games and average to high in the Maccabiah Games. Professionalism seems to play a major role in explaining these tendencies, which is generally in line with the segmentation of the labor market approach.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34247677984&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/101269029603100403
DO - 10.1177/101269029603100403
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:34247677984
SN - 1012-6902
VL - 31
SP - 385
EP - 403
JO - International Review for the Sociology of Sport
JF - International Review for the Sociology of Sport
IS - 4
ER -
