It's All in the Name: The Narrator's Anonymity in the Babylonian Talmud's Legal Discussions

The “anonymous voice” in the Babylonian Talmud has troubled scholars and rabbis throughout the ages. However, while anonymity has been discussed from a historical perspective, the question has barely been addressed from a literary point of view. This article examines the narrator’s anonymity from a narratological perspective while attempting to understand the effect that anonymity has on the textual dynamics of talmudic halakhic discussions. Through a close examination of the use of names within these discussions, I show that names enable citation, contradiction, and reference to other sayings, ultimately resulting in a “halakhic biography” of the scholar that becomes part of the tradition. In contrast, anonymous sayings cannot be classified, attributed, or cited, thus yielding a narrator who has no biography, and who cannot be confronted with previous sayings, thus providing the discussion with the narrative foundation that enables each discussion to be self-contained.