Abstract
Background: A large dosage pediatric formulation of amoxicillin/clavulanate with an improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile was developed to eradicate many penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (including - lactamase-producing strains). Methods: This randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter trial examined treatment of bacterial acute otitis media (AOM) in children 6-30 months of age with amoxicillin/clavulanate (90/6.4 mg/kg/d in 2 divided doses for 10 days) versus azithromycin (10 mg/kg for 1 day followed by 5 mg/kg/d for 4 days). Tympanocentesis was performed at entry for bacteriologie assessment, at the on-therapy visit (day 4-6) to determine bacterial eradication and at any time before the end-of-therapy visit (day 12-14) if the child was categorized as experiencing clinical failure. Clinical assessments were performed at the on-therapy, end-of-therapy and follow-up (day 21-25) visits. Results: We enrolled 730 children; AOM pathogens were isolated at baseline for 249 of the amoxicillin/clavulanate group and 245 of the azithromycin group. For children with AOM pathogens at baseline, clinical success rates at the end-of-therapy visit were 90.5% for amoxicillin/clavulanate versus 80.9% for azithromycin (P - 0.01), and those at the on-therapy and follow-up visits were 94.9% versus 88.0% and 80.3% versus 71.1%, respectively (all P - 0.05). At the on-therapy visit, pretherapy pathogens were eradicated for 94.2% of children receiving amoxicillin/clavulanate versus 70.3% of those receiving azithromycin (P - 0.001). Amoxicillin/clavulanateeradicated 96.0% of S. pneumonias (92.0% of fully penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae) and 89.7% of H. influenzae (85.7% - 6 of 7 cases of -lactamase-positive H. influenzae). Corresponding rates for azithromycin were 80.4% (54.5%) for S. pneumoniae and 49.1% (100% - 1 of 1 case) for H. influenzae (all P - 0.01 for betweendrug comparisons). Conclusion: Amoxicillin/clavulanate was clinically and bacteriologically more effective than azithromycin among children with bacterial AOM, including cases caused by penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae and - lactamase-positive H. influenzae.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 55-61 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Pediatriya |
Volume | 46 |
Issue number | 4 |
State | Published - 1 Dec 2006 |
Keywords
- Azithromycin
- Bacterial acute otitis media
- Clinical trial Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24: (525-532)
- Extra-strength amoxicillin/clavulanate
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health