@article{366aa8b695da400c9fceb84e9858bea7,
title = "Low trihalomethane formation during managed aquifer recharge with chlorinated desalinated water",
abstract = "Trihalomethanes (THMs) are toxic disinfection by-products, formed in the reaction of chlorine with organic matter. This work aimed to study THM formation during a unique case study of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with chlorinated desalinated seawater. THM formation was tested in the field, along a 3.0 m deep vadose zone gallery. Two small-scale experiments were conducted in the site, with untreated and with bromide spiked desalinated seawater. These were accompanied by a large-scale, ~1-month long operational MAR event. In the small-scale experiments, THM concentrations were shown to increase with bromide concentrations, with increasing dominance of the brominated species. Nevertheless, concentrations remained within the single μg/L range, which is an order of magnitude lower than drinking water regulations. Such low THM concentrations were also determined in the large-scale event. In both cases, THM formation occurred in the ponding water, without significant formation or degradation in the upper 3.0 m of the vadose zone. This study shows that MAR with chlorinated (<0.5 mg/L) desalinated seawater through sandy infiltration basins does not pose a threat to drinking water quality at this site.",
keywords = "Aquifer storage, Disinfection by-products, MAR, THMs",
author = "Anat Bernstein and Raz Studny and Vinolia Shyntychea and Daniel Kurtzman and Yonatan Ganot and Yoram Katz and Asfaw, {Berhane Abrha} and Kaori Sakaguchi-S{\"o}der and Christoph Sch{\"u}th and Hagar Siebner",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the BMBF-MOST German-Israeli Water Technology cooperation, grant WT-1401. BMBF project funding reference number 02WIL1386. The instrumentation and installation of the {"}vadose-zone gallery{"} were funded by the European Union{\textquoteright}s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013), under the grant agreement 619120 (Demonstrating Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Solution to Water Scarcity and Drought—MARSOL) Funding Information: This research was funded by the BMBF-MOST German-IsraeliWater Technology cooperation, grant WT-1401. BMBF project funding reference number 02WIL1386. The instrumentation and installation of the {"}vadose-zone gallery{"} were funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013), under the grant agreement 619120 (Demonstrating Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Solution to Water Scarcity and Drought-MARSOL) We are greatly indebted to Ido Nitzan of Volcani Center for the technical assistance in the field. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors.",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3390/w12030711",
language = "English",
volume = "12",
journal = "Water (Switzerland)",
issn = "2073-4441",
publisher = "MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",
number = "3",
}