Lung cancer screening: A critical appraisal

Purpose of review The recently published large-scale NELSON trial showed a reduction in lung cancer (LC) mortality with the use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in high-risk patients. This is the first such European-based trial to mirror the results of the US National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). The NLST was responsible for nationwide implementation of LC screening protocols which has shown a decrease in LC mortality. However, the implementation of such screening in Europe has been challenging. With the findings from the NELSON trial, implementation of LC screening throughout Europe should once again be evaluated. Recent findings This review article further elaborates on the advantages of LDCT in LC screening. It also discusses promising future approaches that can supplement the current LC screening guidelines. Summary Implementation of LC screening with LDCT should again be evaluated throughout Europe as it could substantially decrease LC-related mortality.