M2-like macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages: overlapping and distinguishing properties en route to a safe therapeutic potential

Ofer Guttman, Eli C Lewis

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Macrophages are innate leukocytes ubiquitously present in nearly all tissues, and hold critical importance for tissue homeostasis, initiation and progression of immunological responses and tissue regeneration after injury. Two of the hallmarks of macrophages are variability and plasticity. Macrophages may polarize into either pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes (M1-like and M2-like macrophages, respectively), and various stimuli may shift their polarization across this spectrum. Typically, M1-like macrophages are involved in the onset and progression of autoimmune disorders, while M2-like macrophages have been demonstrated to effectively ameliorate such disorders by inducing the resolution of inflammatory responses and driving cellular proliferation and tissue regeneration. Many of the properties of M2-like macrophages are also characteristic of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are monocyte-derived cells that are subverted by tumors into potent pro-tumor agents capable of dampening anti-tumor cytotoxicity and facilitating tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and metastatic spread. Use of M2-polarizing immunotherapy for treatment of autoimmune disorders is a novel concept that holds promise for resolution of such disorders. However, concerns may be raised regarding the safety of such approaches as they may create tumor-permissive conditions. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the role of macrophages in autoimmunity and tumor immunology, and discuss the potential benefits and caveats of M2-polarizing therapies.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)554-561
Journal Integrative Cancer Science and Therapeutics
Volume3
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2016

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