Magnetic excitation and dissipation of multilayer two-dimensional resonators

Two-dimensional (2D) resonators are attractive for a wide range of applications, such as filters, sensors, and energy harvesters. In most cases, these resonators are excited electrostatically, which dictates adjacent electrode geometry that limits the design flexibility. In the present work, we demonstrate the magnetic excitation of 2D resonators. Contrary to electrostatic excitation, the magnetic field can be applied from a distance, and as a result, this approach offers greater flexibility in the design of these devices. We characterized the magnetic excitation of devices of varying thicknesses (from 17 nm to 170 nm) and found that their resonance frequencies are in the mega-hertz range. In addition, we thoroughly studied dissipation mechanisms in our devices and found that magnetic excitation enhances energy loss due to resistive heating and magnetic losses. In addition, we found that the interactions between the resonators and air molecules are a dominant mechanism of dissipation, although it also promotes the cooling of the resonators through the transfer of heat to the air. Therefore, this work sets the groundwork for the development of magnetic 2D resonators, which will be integrated into flexible actuators, resonant sensors, etc.