TY - JOUR
T1 - Mixed Surfactant-Mediated Synthesis of Hierarchical PANI Nanorods for an Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor
AU - Palsaniya, Shatrudhan
AU - Nemade, Harshal B.
AU - Dasmahapatra, Ashok Kumar
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (5(9)/2012-NANO (Vol. II)), Government of India, for funding. Use of the instruments for characterizations from the analytical laboratory department of chemical engineering and CIF, IIT Guwahati, is highly acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2019/4/12
Y1 - 2019/4/12
N2 - The hierarchical nanoscale structure plays a crucial role in achieving excellent property, which can successfully be used in preparing tailor-made materials for sensing applications. These hierarchical nanostructures can successfully be prepared with the help of structure directing agents (SDAs). In the present work, we report the preparation of polyaniline (PANI) nanorods in the presence of anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and nonionic surfactant (pluronic F127) as the SDAs. We prepare a series of ternary composites with a varying ratio of PANI and F127 for a given amount of SDS. The SDS and F127 play a pivotal role as structure directing agents (SDAs) in delivering a hierarchical nanostructure of PANI. Detailed characterization reveals that the in situ polymerization of PANI ensures the formation of the well-dispersed composite. The amphiphilic character of F127 facilitates the formation of a core-shell micellar structure, which in turn facilitates the polymerization of PANI in the core region. We have observed a composition-dependent structure formation of the ternary composites. With increasing the amount of F127, the composite shows higher crystallinity (viz. less porosity) as measured by XRD and microscopy imaging. Among all the prepared composites, the one with an 1:1 ratio of PANI and F127 exhibits less porosity (viz., high crystallinity) as measured by the BET surface area measurement. The XRD analysis does not show a sharp peak, which signifies that the material possesses a polycrystalline structure, as revealed by HRTEM analysis. The polycrystalline nature of the nanorods provides the highest thermal stability, contributes significantly toward the enhanced electrochemical activity, and thus, can successfully be used in sensing applications. The 1:1 material exhibits remarkably high glucose sensitivity (∼486 μA/cm2 mM) over the other ternary composites under amperometric measurements. The sensor shows an excellent electrochemical performance within a range of 5-50 mM with a lower detection limit of ∼4 μM.
AB - The hierarchical nanoscale structure plays a crucial role in achieving excellent property, which can successfully be used in preparing tailor-made materials for sensing applications. These hierarchical nanostructures can successfully be prepared with the help of structure directing agents (SDAs). In the present work, we report the preparation of polyaniline (PANI) nanorods in the presence of anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and nonionic surfactant (pluronic F127) as the SDAs. We prepare a series of ternary composites with a varying ratio of PANI and F127 for a given amount of SDS. The SDS and F127 play a pivotal role as structure directing agents (SDAs) in delivering a hierarchical nanostructure of PANI. Detailed characterization reveals that the in situ polymerization of PANI ensures the formation of the well-dispersed composite. The amphiphilic character of F127 facilitates the formation of a core-shell micellar structure, which in turn facilitates the polymerization of PANI in the core region. We have observed a composition-dependent structure formation of the ternary composites. With increasing the amount of F127, the composite shows higher crystallinity (viz. less porosity) as measured by XRD and microscopy imaging. Among all the prepared composites, the one with an 1:1 ratio of PANI and F127 exhibits less porosity (viz., high crystallinity) as measured by the BET surface area measurement. The XRD analysis does not show a sharp peak, which signifies that the material possesses a polycrystalline structure, as revealed by HRTEM analysis. The polycrystalline nature of the nanorods provides the highest thermal stability, contributes significantly toward the enhanced electrochemical activity, and thus, can successfully be used in sensing applications. The 1:1 material exhibits remarkably high glucose sensitivity (∼486 μA/cm2 mM) over the other ternary composites under amperometric measurements. The sensor shows an excellent electrochemical performance within a range of 5-50 mM with a lower detection limit of ∼4 μM.
KW - PANI nanorods
KW - glucose sensing
KW - hierarchical structure
KW - in situ polymerization
KW - mixed surfactants
KW - structure directing agents
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065824516&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsapm.8b00103
DO - 10.1021/acsapm.8b00103
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85065824516
SN - 2637-6105
VL - 1
SP - 647
EP - 656
JO - ACS Applied Polymer Materials
JF - ACS Applied Polymer Materials
IS - 4
ER -