Molecular sub-typing and exploration of key signalling pathways involved in complicating the disease

Triple-negative breast cancer is characterized by distinct molecular profiles, unique metastatic patterns, aggressive behavior, lacks the targeted therapeutic approach, and caused significant mortality worldwide. The molecular complexity of angiogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis, and metastasis process in TNBC has fostered research efforts to unleash the molecular, pathological, and genetic drivers of their lethal cascade. This complex disease entity involves PI3k/Akt/mTOR, NF-kB, ERRs, and miRNA trafficking which has further worsened the clinical outcome. Due to their heterogeneous nature, none of the drugs were able to completely target the TNBC tumor spectrum. This chapter highlights the classification of TNBC on the basis of aberrated copy number, histology, proteomic, and mutational profiles to understand the aetiology of the disease. The identification of therapeutic vulnerabilities was also carried out by gaining insights into the above-mentioned signalling pathways and their role in further complicating the disease.