TY - JOUR
T1 - Monitoring the occurrence of emerging contaminants in treated wastewater and groundwater between 2008 and 2010. The Baix Llobregat (Barcelona, Spain)
AU - Cabeza, Y.
AU - Candela, L.
AU - Ronen, D.
AU - Teijon, G.
N1 - Funding Information:
We acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects CONSOLIDER-TRAGUA and CGL2010-22168-C03) for its financial support. Furthermore, we thank the Comunitat d’Usuaris d’Aigües del Delta del Llobregat, the Agencia Catalana del l’Aigua and the Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona for the sampling campaigns cooperation. Heavy metals and emerging contaminants were analyzed by the Pesticide Residue Research Group of the University of Almería and the Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry of the University of Jaén. Microbiological determinations were performed by the Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona.
PY - 2012/11/15
Y1 - 2012/11/15
N2 - The occurrence of 166 emerging compounds and four heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Hg and Pb) in treated wastewater and groundwater has been monitored at the Llobregat delta (Barcelona, Spain) over a period of 3 years. Selected compounds were pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PCPs), dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and priority substances included in the 2008/105/CE Directive. Analysis was performed in tertiary treated wastewater (TWW), after an additional treatment of ultrafiltration reverse osmosis and UV disinfection, and groundwater from a deep confined aquifer. This aquifer is artificially recharged with TWW through injection wells. After the advanced treatment, 38 pharmaceuticals, 9 PCPs, 9 pesticides and 7 PAHs still showed a frequency of detection higher than 25% in the TWW, although at low concentration levels (ng/l). Not all active compounds found in the TWW were present in groundwater, indicating possible degradation within the aquifer media after the injection. A number of chemicals, mainly 10 pesticides and 10 pharmaceuticals were only present in groundwater samples, confirming a different origin than the injected TWW, probably agricultural activities and/or infiltration of poorly treated wastewater.
AB - The occurrence of 166 emerging compounds and four heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Hg and Pb) in treated wastewater and groundwater has been monitored at the Llobregat delta (Barcelona, Spain) over a period of 3 years. Selected compounds were pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PCPs), dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and priority substances included in the 2008/105/CE Directive. Analysis was performed in tertiary treated wastewater (TWW), after an additional treatment of ultrafiltration reverse osmosis and UV disinfection, and groundwater from a deep confined aquifer. This aquifer is artificially recharged with TWW through injection wells. After the advanced treatment, 38 pharmaceuticals, 9 PCPs, 9 pesticides and 7 PAHs still showed a frequency of detection higher than 25% in the TWW, although at low concentration levels (ng/l). Not all active compounds found in the TWW were present in groundwater, indicating possible degradation within the aquifer media after the injection. A number of chemicals, mainly 10 pesticides and 10 pharmaceuticals were only present in groundwater samples, confirming a different origin than the injected TWW, probably agricultural activities and/or infiltration of poorly treated wastewater.
KW - Emerging contaminants
KW - Groundwater
KW - Monitoring
KW - Treated wastewater
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84867720022&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.032
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.032
M3 - Article
C2 - 22877748
AN - SCOPUS:84867720022
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 239-240
SP - 32
EP - 39
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
ER -
