Nanoparticles-based biopriming for enhanced biotic stress mitigation

In order to meet future food and energy demands, a lot of efforts have been made to establish different types of methods to make crops resilient against stress and climate change, as well as increase sustainable yield. To improve crop productivity and sustainable agriculture, nanotechnological techniques have emerged as an effective tool. Nanopriming is a technique in which the nanoparticles are combined with seed priming to promote the growth of the plant from its initial stage of germination. This technique is very useful for the enhancement of seed establishment, seed quality and growth factors responsible for seed germination compared to nonprimed seeds. Recently, seed nanopriming showed its potential against various kinds of biotic and abiotic stress factors that helped to improve crop productivity. Studies have confirmed that nanopriming can effectively reduce the frequency and severity of diseases, leading to improved plant health and yield. Seed nanopriming is a cost-effective and eco-friendly method that positively regulates α-amylase, protein, and lipid, along with antioxidant and photosynthetic management. The most recent advancements in nanopriming methodologies are the usage of different types of nanoparticles, their mechanistic approach, and potential benefits and challenges related to agronomical applications of these techniques. This chapter aims to present nanopriming and its introduction, the function of biopriming in germination, and the role of nanoparticles in biotic stress circumstances.