Nociceptive stimulus induces release of endogenous β-endorphin in the rat brain

The hypothesis that the naturally occurring analgesic peptide, β- endorphin, is released in the brain in response to pain had never been directly validated. In this study, we applied a brain microdialysis method for monitoring β-endorphin release in vivo, to test this hypothesis in the brains of conscious, freely moving rats. Herein we first show that endogenous β-endorphin can be measured in vivo in the brain under physiological conditions. Upon induction of a nociceptive stimulus by injection of formalin into the hind-paws of rats, the extracellular levels of β-endorphin in their arcuate nucleus increased by 88%, corresponding to their nociceptive response. This direct evidence for the release of endogenous β-endorphin in the brain in response to nociceptive stimulus indicates a possible mechanism for organisms to cope with pain.