Nonimaging solar energy concentrators (CPC’s) with fully illuminated flat receivers: A viable alternative to flat-plate collectors

Low-concentration, stationary, nonimaging concentrators (CPC’s) with flat receivers illuminated on both sides are considered as viable alternatives to flat-plate solar collectors. Closed-form, analytic formulae are derived for the geometric characteristics of two concentrator types of greatest interest (i.e., stationary collectors for year-round energy delivery), which enable calculations of collectible energy without computer ray-tracing stimulations. The relative merits of these concentrators in terms of energy collection and production costs are assessed with respect to each other as well as to flat-plate collectors.