TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimization of scalar magnetic gradiometer signal processing
AU - Frumkis, Lev
AU - Ginzburg, Boris
AU - Salomonski, Nizan
AU - Kaplan, Ben Zion
N1 - Funding Information:
The support of the Paul Ivanier Center for Robotics Research and Production Management is gratefully acknowledged. Lev Frumkis was born in Barnaul, Russia in 1938. He obtained the MSc degree in radio physics and electronics in 1961, the DPhil degree in radio physics in 1967, and the DSc degree in radio physics in 1989, all of them from Tomsk State University, Russia. He served as a scientist in the Siberian Physics and Technology Institute, Tomsk, where he worked on various electromagnetic problems from 1961 to 1990. He immigrated to Israel in 1991. He served as an engineer in Israel Aircraft Industry from 1991 to 1993. He is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel since 1994, where he is a research fellow financed by a Ministry of Absorption Grant. His present research activity is mainly in the field of magnetic shielding and magnetometry. Boris Ginzburg was born in 1951 in St.-Petersburg, Russia. He earned his MSc in radio physics and electronics from the Technical University of St.-Petersburg (Russia) in 1974. He obtained his PhD in physics and mathematics from Phys.-Techn. Ioffe Institute, St.-Petersburg (Russia) in 1986. In the years 1974–1996 he was a research scientist with the Geophysical Research Institute in St.-Petersburg. During this period he was engaged in R&D of optical pumping magnetometers for precise measurements of the Earth's magnetic field. His experimental investigation of optical pumping phenomena in alkalis and helium resulted in design of new Rb–He and K–He magnetometers with very high metrological features. He headed a research group concerned with elaboration of technological processes for precise magnetic sensors production. Dr. Ginzburg is now the head of a research group in the Nuclear Research Center SOREQ. His main scientific interests are in the field of precise measurements of the Earth's magnetic field and in various magnetic search and detection applications. Nizan Salomonski was born in 1963 in Haifa, Israel. He earned his BSc in 1991, his MSc in 1994 and his PhD in 1999 in mechanichal engineering, all of them from the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Since 1998 he is a member of the American Society for Mechanical Engineering. In the years 1991–1994 he was an assistant scientist at the robotics laboratory at the Technion. During this period he was engaged in R&D of flexible inflatable articulated robots and control algorithms related to the tool trajectory. In the years 1994–1999 he was a scientist at the Center for Manufacturing Systems and Robotics (CMSR) at the Technion, Haifa. During this period he was engaged in R&D of non-parametric algorithms for adaptive disassembly processes and planning mechanisms. He is with the Nuclear Research Center SOREQ, since 1999. Now Dr. Salomonski is the Head of the R&D integrated system group in Nuclear Research Center SOREQ. His main scientific interests are in the field of non-parametric prediction, detection and locating via various MAD systems for various applications. Ben-Zion Kaplan, senior member of IEEE, member of the Israeli Committee of URSI and member of its Metrology Subcommittee, was born in Tel-Aviv, Israel in 1936. He received the BSc degree cum laude in 1958 and the MSc degree in 1964, both from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, and the DPhil degree in electrical engineering from the University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, England in 1971. From 1961 to 1968 he worked as a research engineer at the Electronics Department (presently the Department of Physics of Complex Systems) in the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. From 1968 to 1971 he was with the Inter University Institute of Engineering Control, University of Sussex, School of Applied Sciences. Since 1972 he has been with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel, where he is professor since 1985, and where he established the laboratory for magnetic and electronic systems. He has been the incumbent of the Chinita and Conrad Abrahams—Curiel Chair in Electronic Instrumentation since 1988. In 1992 he was on sabbatical leave in the Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. He obtained a prize in the field of applied electronics donated by the Polish–Jewish Ex-Servicemen's Association, London, 1993. The prize was due to Kaplan's achievements in nonlinear electronics and in magnetics. Professor B.Z. Kaplan published more than hundred and twenty articles in refereed scientific journals. His main current interests are magnetic and electronic instrumentation, electromechanical devices including magnetic levitators and synchronous machines, nonlinear phenomena in electronic networks and magnetic devices, nonlinear and chaotic oscillations, coupled oscillator systems, multiphase oscillators, magnetometry and its relationship to ELF phenomena, magnetic and electric fields sensors for DC and ULF.
PY - 2005/5/31
Y1 - 2005/5/31
N2 - The work is devoted to the detection of hidden ferromagnetic objects by employing a gradiometer comprising two scalar magnetic sensors. The hidden object is modeled by a magnetostatic dipole. Processing of the gradiometer signal is carried out by evaluation of the signal energy in the space of four orthonormal functions. This procedure is implemented within a moving window covering certain number of successive samples measured equidistantly along the survey track. This work proves that the width of the moving window (or the number of the samples within the window) can be optimized so to provide maximum signal-to-noise ratio. Removal of constant bias and linear temporal trend, usually accompanying the observed survey signal, has been proved as an important step in the data processing. The latter removal relies on linear regression procedure, and the related window width is also optimized. It is shown that the signal processing should depend on several survey channels operating simultaneously. Relying on the present work, a proper number of channels for multi-channel detection algorithm can be easily determined for each magnetic search scenario.
AB - The work is devoted to the detection of hidden ferromagnetic objects by employing a gradiometer comprising two scalar magnetic sensors. The hidden object is modeled by a magnetostatic dipole. Processing of the gradiometer signal is carried out by evaluation of the signal energy in the space of four orthonormal functions. This procedure is implemented within a moving window covering certain number of successive samples measured equidistantly along the survey track. This work proves that the width of the moving window (or the number of the samples within the window) can be optimized so to provide maximum signal-to-noise ratio. Removal of constant bias and linear temporal trend, usually accompanying the observed survey signal, has been proved as an important step in the data processing. The latter removal relies on linear regression procedure, and the related window width is also optimized. It is shown that the signal processing should depend on several survey channels operating simultaneously. Relying on the present work, a proper number of channels for multi-channel detection algorithm can be easily determined for each magnetic search scenario.
KW - Magnetic anomaly detection
KW - Magnetic gradiometer
KW - Orthonormal functions
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=21744440636&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.sna.2005.01.019
DO - 10.1016/j.sna.2005.01.019
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:21744440636
SN - 0924-4247
VL - 121
SP - 88
EP - 94
JO - Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
JF - Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
IS - 1
ER -