Ottoman Intelligence Gathering During Napoleon's Invasion of Egypt and Palestine

Napoleon’s invasion has been discussed at great length by historians dependant largely on french and english memoirs, reports, and archival documents. The small number of studies focusing on the local and Otto- man perspectives is based to a great extent on egyptian chronicles, and mainly on the famous history written by ʿabd al-rahman al-Jabarti. In his treatise Mazhar al-taqdis bi-zawal dawlat al-Faransis, and in his monu- mental history ʿAjaʾib al-athar fi-l-tarajim waʾl-akhbar, al-Jabarti produced a long and detailed account of the French invasion, which, for obvious reasons, concentrates on their occupation of Alexandria and Cairo and on their subsequent actions inside Egypt.