Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: A new insight into an old enigma

OBJECTIVE: To relay the current knowledge on the interaction between cytokines, growth factors, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and to propose a new insight into the pathogenesis of OHSS. METHODS: Major studies that have reported on the association between cytokines, growth factors, and OHSS were identified through MEDLINE searches and through the published literature. RESULTS: Several cytokines, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor, were found to have a role, either in the prediction or pathogenesis of OHSS. Moreover, intravenous immunoglobulin, which has an anticytokine nature and inhibits the secretion of various cytokines, was shown to prevent the development of OHSS. CONCLUSION: Current knowledge indicates a close interaction between cytokines, growth factors, and OHSS. Further understanding of these interactions may lead to different understanding of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.