Periodic reversals in Paenibacillus dendritiformis swarming

Avraham Be'er, Shinji K. Strain, Roberto A. Hernández, Eshel Ben-Jacob, E. L. Florin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

43 Scopus citations

Abstract

Bacterial swarming is a type of motility characterized by a rapid and collective migration of bacteria on surfaces. Most swarming species form densely packed dynamic clusters in the form of whirls and jets, in which hundreds of rod-shaped rigid cells move in circular and straight patterns, respectively. Recent studies have suggested that short-range steric interactions may dominate hydrodynamic interactions and that geometrical factors, such as a cell's aspect ratio, play an important role in bacterial swarming. Typically, the aspect ratio for most swarming species is only up to 5, and a detailed understanding of the role of much larger aspect ratios remains an open challenge. Here we study the dynamics of Paenibacillus dendritiformis C morphotype, a very long, hyperflagellated, straight (rigid), rod-shaped bacterium with an aspect ratio of-20. We find that instead of swarming in whirls and jets as observed in most species, including the shorter T morphotype of P. dendritiformis, the C morphotype moves in densely packed straight but thin long lines. Within these lines, all bacteria show periodic reversals, with a typical reversal time of 20 s, which is independent of their neighbors, the initial nutrient level, agar rigidity, surfactant addition, humidity level, temperature, nutrient chemotaxis, oxygen level, illumination intensity or gradient, and cell length. The evolutionary advantage of this unique back-and-forth surface translocation remains unclear.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2709-2717
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Bacteriology
Volume195
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - 16 Jul 2013

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology

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