Plant Conservation in the Anthropocene: Definitely Not Win–Win But Maybe Not Lose–Lose?

There are two global views of nature conservation future in the Anthropocene. The first wing of conservation community suggests to abandon historical reference and focus on managing the natural systems exclusively for human utilitarian purposes. In contrast, for the second wing historical reference is indispensable, but restoring historical natural ecosystems often is impossible. Is there a third way compromising these two views with an ultimate goal of preserving biodiversity? This article presents a concept that adopts an idea of creating partly novel, that is, having species compositions that differ from historical analogs ecosystems, for conservation of threatened species and their habitats.