TY - JOUR
T1 - Plasmid-encoded toxin defence mediates mutualistic microbial interactions
AU - Moraïs, Sarah
AU - Mazor, Michael
AU - Tovar-Herrera, Omar
AU - Zehavi, Tamar
AU - Zorea, Alvah
AU - Ifrach, Morya
AU - Bogumil, David
AU - Brandis, Alexander
AU - Walter, Jens
AU - Elia, Natalie
AU - Gur, Eyal
AU - Mizrahi, Itzhak
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2024/1/1
Y1 - 2024/1/1
N2 - Gut environments harbour dense microbial ecosystems in which plasmids are widely distributed. Plasmids facilitate the exchange of genetic material among microorganisms while enabling the transfer of a diverse array of accessory functions. However, their precise impact on microbial community composition and function remains largely unexplored. Here we identify a prevalent bacterial toxin and a plasmid-encoded resistance mechanism that mediates the interaction between Lactobacilli and Enterococci. This plasmid is widespread across ecosystems, including the rumen and human gut microbiota. Biochemical characterization of the plasmid revealed a defence mechanism against reuterin, a toxin produced by various gut microbes, such as Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Using a targeted metabolomic approach, we find reuterin to be prevalent across rumen ecosystems with impacts on microbial community structure. Enterococcus strains carrying the protective plasmid were isolated and their interactions with L. reuteri, the toxin producer, were studied in vitro. Interestingly, we found that by conferring resistance against reuterin, the plasmid mediates metabolic exchange between the defending and the attacking microbial species, resulting in a beneficial relationship or mutualism. Hence, we reveal here an ecological role for a plasmid-coded defence system in mediating a beneficial interaction.
AB - Gut environments harbour dense microbial ecosystems in which plasmids are widely distributed. Plasmids facilitate the exchange of genetic material among microorganisms while enabling the transfer of a diverse array of accessory functions. However, their precise impact on microbial community composition and function remains largely unexplored. Here we identify a prevalent bacterial toxin and a plasmid-encoded resistance mechanism that mediates the interaction between Lactobacilli and Enterococci. This plasmid is widespread across ecosystems, including the rumen and human gut microbiota. Biochemical characterization of the plasmid revealed a defence mechanism against reuterin, a toxin produced by various gut microbes, such as Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Using a targeted metabolomic approach, we find reuterin to be prevalent across rumen ecosystems with impacts on microbial community structure. Enterococcus strains carrying the protective plasmid were isolated and their interactions with L. reuteri, the toxin producer, were studied in vitro. Interestingly, we found that by conferring resistance against reuterin, the plasmid mediates metabolic exchange between the defending and the attacking microbial species, resulting in a beneficial relationship or mutualism. Hence, we reveal here an ecological role for a plasmid-coded defence system in mediating a beneficial interaction.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85180653653&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41564-023-01521-9
DO - 10.1038/s41564-023-01521-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 38151647
AN - SCOPUS:85180653653
SN - 2058-5276
VL - 9
SP - 108
EP - 119
JO - Nature Microbiology
JF - Nature Microbiology
IS - 1
ER -