Positioning of any subscriber in land-atmospheric communication links by flying vehicle antenna

In this work, we examine the positioning of any subscriber located in built-up areas with a dense buildings layout and their overlay profile. The positioning is evaluated for different elevations of flying platforms (e.g., drones, quadcopters, aircrafts etc.) antennas and stationary or mobile subscriber (SS or MS, respectively) antenna, located below and above the rooftops. The positioning is based on the stochastic multi-parametric approach that successfully was adapted for prediction of radio signals in the space, AOA, TOA and Doppler frequency spread domains in land-to-land communication links. We use the signal power variations and its distribution in angle-of-arrival (AOA), time-of-arrival (TOA), or time-delay (TD) and Doppler shift spread (DS) domains. On the framework of the stochastic approach, the effects of TD spread and DS on signal distortion for several moving aircrafts and several ground-located subscribers have been analyzed via some experiments carried above an airport. Comparison between the predicted and experimentally observed data gives a good coexistence of the proposed stochastic approach compared with those proposed by other researchers and finally makes possible to localize each subscriber located in dense urban environment based on knowledge of its signal power distribution in the AOA, TD and DS domains.