Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection

To determine if people infected with SARS-CoV-2 were at higher risk of developing selected medical conditions post-recovery, data were extracted from the database of a large health maintenance organization (HMO) in Israel between March 2020 and May 2021. For each condition, a condition-naïve group prior to COVID-19 (PCR-positive) infection were compared to a condition-naïve, non-COVID-19 infected group, matched by gender, age, socioeconomic status, minority group status and number of months visited primary care physician (PCP) in previous year. Diagnosis and recuperation dates for each COVID-19 infected participant were applied to their matched comparison participant (1:1 ratio). Incidence of each condition was measured between date of recuperation and end of study period for each group and Cox regression models developed to determine hazard ratios by group status, controlling for demographic and health variables. Crude and adjusted incidence rates were higher for the COVID-19 infected group than those not infected with COVID-19 for treatment for depression/anxiety, sleep disturbance, diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis, lung disease and fibromyalgia. Differences in incidence were no longer observed between the two groups for treatment of sleep disturbance, and diagnosis of lung disease when those hospitalized during the acute-phase of illness (any reason) were excluded. No difference was found by COVID-19 infection status for post-acute incidence of diabetes, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, acute kidney disease, hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Patients post-COVID-19 infection should be evaluated for depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, DVT, lung disease and fibromyalgia.