Predictors of Long Term Outcomes in 11,441 Consecutive Patients Following Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Given the vicissitudes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) technology, epidemiology, and mode of practice, the aim of this study was to define contemporary outcome predictors in a very large consecutive patient cohort. Data from 11,441 consecutive patients who underwent PCI at a tertiary medical center from April 2004 to September 2013 are presented. A comprehensive database was built using various data sources, with outcome end points defined as all-cause mortality and as a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction during follow-up. Candidate variables to influence outcome were chosen a priori and were tested using multivariate time-dependent models to estimate each interaction. Mean follow-up was 5.5 years (range 3 months to 9.5 years). The cohort consisted of 75% men, 42% patients with diabetes, and 61% patients who underwent PCI in acute coronary syndrome settings and 7.8% for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Drug-eluting stents were used in 43.4% of patients, bare-metal stents in 52%, and balloon angioplasty alone in 4.6%. In multivariate analysis, in addition to already well-recognized predictors of death or myocardial infarction such as advanced age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.031, p <0.001), female gender (HR 1.23, p <0.001), urgent setting (HR 1.23, p <0.001) and diabetes mellitus (HR 1.28, p <0.001), we particularly noted previous anemia (HR 1.55 p <0.001), previous chronic kidney injury (HR 1.93, p <0.001) and previous moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction (HR 2.29, p <0.001). Drug-eluting stent placement was associated with better outcomes (HR 0.70, p <0.001). In conclusion, this analysis confirms the effect of some known predictors of PCI outcomes. However, the extent of their effect is modest, while other predictors may have a greater influence on outcomes. Risk stratification of PCI patients should take into account kidney injury, anemia, and left ventricular function. Drug-eluting stents provide sustained benefit.