Preliminary report from the World Health Organisation Chest Radiography in Epidemiological Studies project

Nasreen Mahomed, Nicholas Fancourt, John de Campo, Margaret de Campo, Aliu Akano, Thomas Cherian, Olivia G. Cohen, David Greenberg, Stephen Lacey, Neera Kohli, Henrique M. Lederman, Shabir A. Madhi, Veronica Manduku, Eric D. McCollum, Kate Park, Jose Luis Ribo-Aristizabal, Naor Bar-Zeev, Katherine L. O’Brien, Kim Mulholland

    Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

    27 Scopus citations

    Abstract

    Childhood pneumonia is among the leading infectious causes of mortality in children younger than 5 years of age globally. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the leading infectious cause of childhood bacterial pneumonia. The diagnosis of childhood pneumonia remains a critical epidemiological task for monitoring vaccine and treatment program effectiveness. The chest radiograph remains the most readily available and common imaging modality to assess childhood pneumonia. In 1997, the World Health Organization Radiology Working Group was established to provide a consensus method for the standardized definition for the interpretation of pediatric frontal chest radiographs, for use in bacterial vaccine efficacy trials in children. The definition was not designed for use in individual patient clinical management because of its emphasis on specificity at the expense of sensitivity. These definitions and endpoint conclusions were published in 2001 and an analysis of observer variation for these conclusions using a reference library of chest radiographs was published in 2005. In response to the technical needs identified through subsequent meetings, the World Health Organization Chest Radiography in Epidemiological Studies (CRES) project was initiated and is designed to be a continuation of the World Health Organization Radiology Working Group. The aims of the World Health Organization CRES project are to clarify the definitions used in the World Health Organization defined standardized interpretation of pediatric chest radiographs in bacterial vaccine impact and pneumonia epidemiological studies, reinforce the focus on reproducible chest radiograph readings, provide training and support with World Health Organization defined standardized interpretation of chest radiographs and develop guidelines and tools for investigators and site staff to assist in obtaining high-quality chest radiographs.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)1399-1404
    Number of pages6
    JournalPediatric Radiology
    Volume47
    Issue number11
    DOIs
    StatePublished - 1 Oct 2017

    Keywords

    • Bacterial vaccine efficacy trials
    • Chest radiograph
    • Child
    • Haemophilus influenzae type b
    • Pneumonia
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • World Health Organization defined standardized interpretation

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
    • Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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