Proteomic analysis of amniotic fluid to identify women with preterm labor and intra-amniotic inflammation/infection: The use of a novel computational method to analyze mass spectrometric profiling

Objective. Examination of the amniotic fluid proteome has been used to identify biomarkers for intra-amniotic inflammation as well as those that may be useful in predicting the outcome of preterm labor. The purpose of this study was to combine a novel computational method of pattern discovery with mass spectrometric proteomic profiling of amniotic fluid to discover biomarkers of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI). Methods. This cross-sectional study included patients with spontaneous preterm labor and intact membranes who delivered at term (n = 59) and those who delivered preterm with IAI (n = 60). Proteomic profiling was performed using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry. A proteomic profile was acquired through multiple simultaneous SELDI conditions, which were combined in a single proteomic 'fingerprint' using a novel computational approach. Classification of patients based on their associated surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectra as belonging to either the class of individuals with preterm delivery with IAI or term delivery was accomplished by constructing an empirical model. The first phase in the construction of this empirical model involved the selection of adjustable parameters utilizing a training/testing subset of data. The second phase tested the generalization of the model by utilizing a blinded validation set of patients who were not employed in parameter selection. Results. Gestational age at amniocentesis was not significantly different between the groups. Thirty-nine unique mass spectrometric peaks discriminated patients with preterm labor/delivery with IAI from those with preterm labor and term delivery. In the testing/training dataset, the classification accuracies (averaged over 100 random draws) were: 91.4% (40.2/44) for patients with preterm delivery with IAI, and 91.2% (40.1/44) for term delivery. The overall accuracy of the classification of patients in the validation dataset was 90.3% (28/31). Conclusions. Proteomic analysis of amniotic fluid allowed the identification of mass spectrometry features, which can distinguish patients with preterm labor with IAI from those with preterm labor without inflammation or infection who subsequently delivered at term.