Recent advancements and nanotechnological interventions in diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination for COVID-19

COVID-19 pandemic spawned due to novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has shaken the whole world. It has created societal imbalance and distraught in the health-care system, thus worsening the worldwide socioeconomic balance. It was soon after the first case, reported in Wuhan, China, in November 2019, when on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a public health emergency and designated it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. This pandemic is still haunting the human race delineating the urgent need for new research, new public health policies, and better public awareness to deal with such a highly transmissible disease. To date, 281.08 million cases have been reported and 5.41 million lives have been lost. Although the SARS CoV-2 has posed unprecedented challenges, humankind is working diligently to combat the virus. Emerging knowledge of structure and life cycle SARS-CoV-2 has led to the development of new diagnostic techniques, drug targets, and vaccine designs. While RT-PCR is still the gold standard detection technique, there is a high demand for new, inexpensive, quick, and easily accessible diagnostic tools because of its expensive and time-consuming characteristics. Furthermore, no specific antiviral drug has been discovered, but the research is ongoing at a tremendous pace. Recent advances in vaccine development are a milestone in COVID-19 research. Here, we highlight some recent developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination for COVID-19 and anticipate that the ongoing pandemic will help improve our pandemic surveillance and preventive strategies against emerging viral diseases.