TY - JOUR
T1 - Recurrent major depressive disorder among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative intravenous drug users
T2 - Findings of a 3-year longitudinal study
AU - Johnson, Jeffrey G.
AU - Rabkin, Judith G.
AU - Lipsitz, Joshua D.
AU - Williams, Janet B.W.
AU - Remien, Robert H.
N1 - Funding Information:
From Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Supported in part by Grant No. P50-MH-43520 from the National Institute of Mental Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse to the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies (Anke A. Ehrhardt, Principal Investigator) and a grant from the Aaron Diamond Foundation (J. G.J.). Address reprint requests to Jeffrey G. Johnson, Ph.D., Unit 74, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032. Copyright © 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company 0010-440X/99/4001-000951 O. 00/0
PY - 1999/1/1
Y1 - 1999/1/1
N2 - A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, history of major depressive disorder (MDD), and persistent or recurrent MDD among intravenous drug users. Psychiatric disorders were assessed in a sample of HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV-) intravenous drug users every 6 months for 3 years. Results indicated that HIV status and baseline MDD independently predicted persistent or recurrent episodes of MDD after gender, drug use, ethnicity, income, and the presence other psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically. Among HIV+ intravenous drug users with baseline MDD, 90% experienced at least one subsequent episode of MDD and 47% experienced at least three subsequent episodes of MDD. However, less than 40% of intravenous drug users with current MDD received treatment for emotional problems. These findings indicate that intravenous drug users with HIV infection and a history of MDD are at considerable risk for future episodes of MDD or recurrent MDD, and that increased provision of treatment for intravenous drug users with MDD may be necessary.
AB - A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, history of major depressive disorder (MDD), and persistent or recurrent MDD among intravenous drug users. Psychiatric disorders were assessed in a sample of HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV-) intravenous drug users every 6 months for 3 years. Results indicated that HIV status and baseline MDD independently predicted persistent or recurrent episodes of MDD after gender, drug use, ethnicity, income, and the presence other psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically. Among HIV+ intravenous drug users with baseline MDD, 90% experienced at least one subsequent episode of MDD and 47% experienced at least three subsequent episodes of MDD. However, less than 40% of intravenous drug users with current MDD received treatment for emotional problems. These findings indicate that intravenous drug users with HIV infection and a history of MDD are at considerable risk for future episodes of MDD or recurrent MDD, and that increased provision of treatment for intravenous drug users with MDD may be necessary.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032935320&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0010-440X(99)90073-1
DO - 10.1016/S0010-440X(99)90073-1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0032935320
SN - 0010-440X
VL - 40
SP - 31
EP - 34
JO - Comprehensive Psychiatry
JF - Comprehensive Psychiatry
IS - 1
ER -
