Regulations and Factors Affecting of Light Emitting Diodes Artificial Light in Crop Production under Soilless Culture

The light emitting diodes have small dimension, physical strength, stable narrow spectrum, low temperature, versatile longevity, and high radiation efficiency and regulate morphogenesis, photoperiodism, flowering stimulus, photoreceptors, and biometabolism in the growing plant in a controlled environment plant growth chamber. The stable wavelength of electromagnetic light spectrum is received by the plant photoreceptors such as phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin, zeitlupe family protein, ultraviolet resistance locus 8 (UVR8) stimulates photomorphogenesis and biochemical pathway in the plant through soilless culture in a closed system. The mechanism of light emission is controlled with light factors like quality and quantity in the closed system. The light radiation regulates the long day photoperiodism (16 h day and 8 h night) through 400-700 nm photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and 7.1-380 μmol m^-2 s^-1 photon flux density in the developing plant for continuing morphogenetic and metabolic process. The light transmission with variable wavelengths of 320-400 nm UVA, 400-500 nm blue, 500-600 nm green, 600-700 nm red, 700-750 nm far-red influences the cellular, molecular, and biochemical processes in the growing plant. The total and net energy production must be investigated with respect to effect of light and the plants raised in tissue culture, breeding, and gene manipulation under closed system.