@inproceedings{e129f6a6acf348ffbb0be863fd3d2429,
title = "Relativistic backward wave oscillators: Theory and experiment",
abstract = "The linear and nonlinear theory of backward-wave oscillators (BWOs) is developed taking into account reflection of the electromagnetic wave at the boundaries of the slow wave structure. The effects of finite duration and rise time of the electron beam pulse on device operation are discussed. A series of low-current experiments attempting to measure the start current has been conducted. The main challenge in the experiments was to achieve BWO operation over a wide range of electron beam energy and current. Since for a particular gun geometry the variation in the beam current is limited, the authors built a number of electron guns which made it possible to cover a broad range of beam parameters.",
keywords = "Dispersion, Electromagnetic reflection, Electromagnetic scattering, Electron beams, Laboratories, Microwave oscillators, Optical reflection, Periodic structures, Plasma sources, Plasma waves",
author = "B. Levush and T. Antonsen and A. Bromborsky and Lou, \{W. R.\} and D. Abe and S. Miller and Y. Carmel and J. Rodgers and V. Granatstein and W. Destler",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1991 IEEE.; International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM 1991 ; Conference date: 08-12-1991 Through 11-12-1991",
year = "1991",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1109/IEDM.1991.235309",
language = "English",
series = "Technical Digest - International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers",
pages = "775--778",
booktitle = "International Electron Devices Meeting 1991, IEDM 1991",
address = "United States",
}