Abstract
The Dead Sea is an extremely dynamic hydrologic system, where the base level is currently declining at a rate of ~1 m/yr. The groundwater level follows this drop within a relatively short time (a few days in the case of the extensive fl oods in the winter of 1991-1992). The fresh-saline water interface is very shallow, compared to that of the ocean, due to the large density difference between the fresh and saline water bodies. The interface was found to be steeper near the marginal faults, tracked in a time domain electromagnetic geophysical survey, due to the relatively low horizontal hydraulic conductivity at the fault zone. SUTRA code simulations support this result. Near the shoreline of the Dead Sea, a new coastal area is exposed, whereby the main processes are fl ushing of most of the section and evaporation and precipitation of salts near the surface. The effect of fl ushing is seen in several in situ profi les that show much lower concentrations than the original Dead Sea brine, which existed only a few decades ago. Preliminary simulations on a larger scale imply that the Dead Sea water level drop will infl uence groundwater levels at least several kilometers from the shoreline, increasing the hydraulic gradient and thus also the discharge to the Dead Sea.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 113-126 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Special Paper of the Geological Society of America |
Volume | 401 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1 Jan 2006 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Dead sea brine
- Flushing
- Fresh-saline water interface
- Groundwater levels
- Hydrological modeling
- Time domain electromagnetic (TDEM)
- Unsaturated zone
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geology