Reversible loss of hematopoietic stem cells transplant potency by chronic Salmonella infection

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain blood and immune cell production. Acute Salmonella infection activates HSCs and disrupts hematopoiesis; surprisingly, however, the effect of chronic infection remains unclear. Here, we show that chronic Salmonella infection significantly impair stem and progenitor cells of the bone marrow. As early as 14 days post-infection, the transplantation potency of HSCs is depleted. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveal a myeloid bias and a shift of HSCs toward a cycling state. Notably, curative antibiotic treatment reverses the molecular changes, restoring a healthy-like HSC state. In agreement, functional recovery of potency is confirmed by competitive transplantation assays. These findings uncover a profound and reversible loss of HSC’s transplantation during chronic Salmonella infection. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the donor’s immune status in HSC transplantation.