TY - JOUR
T1 - SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses in soil
T2 - An environmental outlook
AU - Anand, Uttpal
AU - Bianco, Francesco
AU - Suresh, S.
AU - Tripathi, Vijay
AU - Núñez-Delgado, Avelino
AU - Race, Marco
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2021/7/1
Y1 - 2021/7/1
N2 - In the present review, the authors shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 impact, persistence, and monitoring in the soil environment. With this purpose, several aspects have been deepened: i) viruses in soil ecosystems; ii) direct and indirect impact on the soil before and after the pandemic, and iii) methods for quantification of viruses and SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in soil. Viruses are present in soil (i.e. up to 417 × 107 viruses per g TS−1 in wetlands) and can affect the behavior and ecology of other life forms (e.g. bacteria), which are remarkably important for maintaining environmental equilibrium. Also, SARS-CoV-2 can be found in soil (i.e. up to 550 copies·g−1). Considering that the SARS-CoV-2 is very recent, poor knowledge is available in the literature on persistence in the soil and reference has been made to coronaviruses and other families of viruses. For instance, the survival of enveloped viruses (e.g. SARS-CoV) can reach 90 days in soils with 10% of moisture content at ambient. In such a context, the possible spread of the SARS-CoV-2 in the soil was evaluated by analyzing the possible contamination routes.
AB - In the present review, the authors shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 impact, persistence, and monitoring in the soil environment. With this purpose, several aspects have been deepened: i) viruses in soil ecosystems; ii) direct and indirect impact on the soil before and after the pandemic, and iii) methods for quantification of viruses and SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in soil. Viruses are present in soil (i.e. up to 417 × 107 viruses per g TS−1 in wetlands) and can affect the behavior and ecology of other life forms (e.g. bacteria), which are remarkably important for maintaining environmental equilibrium. Also, SARS-CoV-2 can be found in soil (i.e. up to 550 copies·g−1). Considering that the SARS-CoV-2 is very recent, poor knowledge is available in the literature on persistence in the soil and reference has been made to coronaviruses and other families of viruses. For instance, the survival of enveloped viruses (e.g. SARS-CoV) can reach 90 days in soils with 10% of moisture content at ambient. In such a context, the possible spread of the SARS-CoV-2 in the soil was evaluated by analyzing the possible contamination routes.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Coronavirus
KW - Human viruses
KW - Soil environment
KW - Viral abundance
KW - Virus monitoring
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105519172&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111297
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111297
M3 - Article
C2 - 33971130
AN - SCOPUS:85105519172
SN - 0013-9351
VL - 198
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
M1 - 111297
ER -