TY - JOUR
T1 - Separation of concentrated organic/inorganic salt mixtures by nanofiltration
AU - Freger, V.
AU - Arnot, T. C.
AU - Howell, J. A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was conducted as part of a CEC funded research project: increased water recovery from organic-laden process streams (OLAPS) by combining nanofiltration with selected downstream processes and fouling prevention (Contract no. BRPR-CT98-8001). FILMTEC™ membranes were kindly supplied by Dr. Paul Newell at Liquid Separations, Dow Deutschland Inc., Postfach 20, D-77834 Rheinmunster, Germany. The authors would like to thank Fernando Acosta for valuable technical assistance and analytical support in the development of HPLC protocols.
PY - 2000/9/15
Y1 - 2000/9/15
N2 - This paper considers nanofiltration (NF) of concentrated organic/inorganic mixtures using the FILMTEC(TM) NF-200B membrane. Mixtures of salt (up to 17% (w/v)) and lactic acid (2% (w/v)) were used as model solutions. The work centres on the effects of salt concentration, pH and temperature on the flux and rejection of lactate. For all solutions under study, the rejection of salt was low, while the rejection of lactate was maximal at neutral pH, and decreased with salt concentration and temperature. The flux was found to decrease with salt concentration and increase with temperature, the activation energy being higher for low fluxes. The flux for pure water and 2% (w/v) lactic acid was at a maximum at neutral pH, but for salt-containing solutions, it increased with pH in the whole range analysed (pH 3-10). The observed flux and rejection patterns suggest that the effects of skin shrinkage in concentrated salt solutions, and sorption of lactate by the membrane, affect behaviour in addition to the conventional effects of charge, solute size and osmotic difference between the retentate and permeate streams. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
AB - This paper considers nanofiltration (NF) of concentrated organic/inorganic mixtures using the FILMTEC(TM) NF-200B membrane. Mixtures of salt (up to 17% (w/v)) and lactic acid (2% (w/v)) were used as model solutions. The work centres on the effects of salt concentration, pH and temperature on the flux and rejection of lactate. For all solutions under study, the rejection of salt was low, while the rejection of lactate was maximal at neutral pH, and decreased with salt concentration and temperature. The flux was found to decrease with salt concentration and increase with temperature, the activation energy being higher for low fluxes. The flux for pure water and 2% (w/v) lactic acid was at a maximum at neutral pH, but for salt-containing solutions, it increased with pH in the whole range analysed (pH 3-10). The observed flux and rejection patterns suggest that the effects of skin shrinkage in concentrated salt solutions, and sorption of lactate by the membrane, affect behaviour in addition to the conventional effects of charge, solute size and osmotic difference between the retentate and permeate streams. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
KW - Nanofiltration
KW - Organic/inorganic separation
KW - Osmotic pressure
KW - Rejection
KW - Sorption
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0034666520&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)00516-0
DO - 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)00516-0
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0034666520
VL - 178
SP - 185
EP - 193
JO - Journal of Membrane Science
JF - Journal of Membrane Science
SN - 0376-7388
IS - 1-2
ER -