@article{d607dee79adc4645bfa6142cf0747d0f,
title = "Set a thief to catch a thief: Brown-necked raven (Corvus ruficollis) cooperatively kleptoparasitize Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus)",
abstract = "Our study describes how brown-necked ravens (Corvus ruficollis) are able to take advantage of an ordinarily inaccessible, high-quality food source by relying upon their innovative and manipulative thinking capabilities to exploit methods used by Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) to overcome the problem. In five observed interactions, the ravens were first seen in the vicinity of an abandoned clutch of ostrich eggs (Struthio camelus). The area was frequented by a pair of Egyptian vultures that bred on the cliffs across the road from the nature reserve. The Egyptian vulture exhibits tool use in birds, and is able to crack the hard shells of ostrich eggs by lifting a rock in the beak and pounding at the egg till it breaks open or cracks. If the egg is only cracked, the vulture inserts its narrow bill into the fissure and widens it by opening the mandibles. Pieces of eggshell are removed from around the crack in order to further open the egg. This is the point at which the pair of ravens attacked the vulture and harassed it till it abandoned the egg and left the area. The ravens then jointly enjoyed the contents of the egg which was otherwise inaccessible to them because of the strong egg shell.",
keywords = "Brown-necked raven, Cooperative, Corvus ruficollis, Egyptian vulture, Kleptoparasitize, Neophron percnopterus",
author = "Reuven Yosef and Shai Kabesa and Nufar Yosef",
note = "Funding Information: Abstract. Selected historical aspects of the transition of optical coherence tomography (OCT) research from the bench to bedside are focused on. The primary function of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is to improve the diagnosis and treatment of human pathologies. Therefore, research funded by the NIH should have a direct envisioned pathway for transitioning bench work to the bedside. Ultimately, to be successful, this work must be accepted by physicians and by the general science community. This typically requires robustly validated hypothesis-driven research. Work that is not appropriately compared to the current gold standard or does not address a specific pathology is unlikely to achieve widespread acceptance. I outline OCT research in the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems, examining the rapid transition from bench to bedside and look at initial validated hypothesis-driven research data that suggested clinical utility, which drove technology development toward specific clinical scenarios. I also consider the time of initial funding compared to when it was applied in patients with clinical pathologies. Finally, ongoing bench work being performed in parallel with clinical studies is examined. The specific applications examined here are identifying unstable coronary plaque and the early detection of osteoarthritis, the former was brought to the bedside primarily through a commercial route while the latter through NIH-funded research. {\textcopyright} 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.2795689] Funding Information: tinguish lipid-from non-lipid-based tissue, and image through calcified regions. This took place in 1994 and 1995. The first dedicated NIH-funded grant was in 1996. The first commercialization occurred in 1998 and patient studies began11–13 in 2000 and 2001. Since the funding of the initial grant, the NIH has supported our group and others in continuing to move this field forward.14 Funding Information: The data presented represents the efforts of a large number of individuals whose contributions are acknowled in the reference section. Dr. Brezinski{\textquoteright}s work is currently funded by National Institute of Health Grants R01 AR44812, R01 HL55686, R01 EB02638/HL63953, R01 AR46996 and R01 EB000419.",
year = "2011",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/s00114-011-0777-0",
language = "English",
volume = "98",
pages = "443--446",
journal = "Die Naturwissenschaften",
issn = "0028-1042",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
number = "5",
}