@article{d5884cfa6110478e99731260477ef5ab,
title = "Sexual and asexual development: two distinct programs producing the same tunicate",
abstract = "Colonial tunicates are the only chordate that possess two distinct developmental pathways to produce an adult body: either sexually through embryogenesis or asexually through a stem cell-mediated renewal termed blastogenesis. Using the colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri, we combine transcriptomics and microscopy to build an atlas of the molecular and morphological signatures at each developmental stage for both pathways. The general molecular profiles of these processes are largely distinct. However, the relative timing of organogenesis and ordering of tissue-specific gene expression are conserved. By comparing the developmental pathways of B. schlosseri with other chordates, we identify hundreds of putative transcription factors with conserved temporal expression. Our findings demonstrate that convergent morphology need not imply convergent molecular mechanisms but that it showcases the importance that tissue-specific stem cells and transcription factors play in producing the same mature body through different pathways.",
keywords = "tunicate, Botryllus schlosseri, embryogenesis, blastogenesis, development, stem cells, regeneration, organogenesis, transcription factors, evolution",
author = "Mark Kowarsky and Chiara Anselmi and Kohji Hotta and Paolo Burighel and Giovanna Zaniolo and Federico Caicci and Benyamin Rosental and Neff, {Norma F.} and Ishizuka, {Katherine J.} and Palmeri, {Karla J.} and Jennifer Okamoto and Tal Gordon and Weissman, {Irving L.} and Quake, {Stephen R.} and Lucia Manni and Ayelet Voskoboynik",
note = "Funding Information: We thank C. Lowe, T. Raveh, C. Patton, R. Voskoboynik, A. Olson, Y. Voskoboynik, P. Bump, J. Thompson, J. Lee, B. Compton, N. Myers, and T. Naik for technical advice and help and E. Faure for hosting 3D models on MorphoNet.org. This study was supported by NIH grants R56AI089968, R01AG037968, and RO1GM100315 (to I.L.W. S.R.Q. and A.V.); NIH grant R21AG062948 and the Chan Zuckerberg Investigator Program (to I.L.W. and A.V.); the Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research, a grant from the Siebel Stem Cell Institute, and a Stinehart-Reed Grant (to I.L.W.); an NIH shared equipment grant (1S10OD025091-01); PRIN-Prot. 2015NSFHXF (to L.M.); a Larry L. Hillblom Postdoctoral Fellowship, Stanford School of Medicine Dean's Postdoctoral Fellowship, Aldo Gini foundation Fellowship, and an Iniziative di Cooperazione Universitaria 2017 Fellowship of the University of Padova (to C.A.); and HFSP grant LT000591/2014-L, NIH grant T32 HL120824-03, ISF grant 1416/19, and HFSP grant RGY0085/2019 (to B.R.). Conception and design, A.V. M.K. L.M. and C.A.; mariculture and sample collection, K.J.I. and K.J.P.; RNA library preparation, K.J.P. and A.V.; sequencing, J.O. and N.F.N.; sequencing analysis and development of analytical tools, M.K. and S.R.Q.; light, electron, confocal, and two-photon microscopy, L.M. P.B. G.Z. F.C. C.A. K.H. T.G. and A.V.; 3D reconstruction, L.M. and F.C.; FACS, B.R.; writing of the manuscript, M.K. A.V. L.M. C.A. K.J.P. K.J.I. and I.L.W.; technical support and conceptual advice, K.H. N.F.N. S.R.Q. and I.L.W. The authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: We thank C. Lowe, T. Raveh, C. Patton, R. Voskoboynik, A. Olson, Y. Voskoboynik, P. Bump, J. Thompson, J. Lee, B. Compton, N. Myers, and T. Naik for technical advice and help and E. Faure for hosting 3D models on MorphoNet.org . This study was supported by NIH grants R56AI089968 , R01AG037968 , and RO1GM100315 (to I.L.W., S.R.Q., and A.V.); NIH grant R21AG062948 and the Chan Zuckerberg Investigator Program (to I.L.W. and A.V.); the Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research , a grant from the Siebel Stem Cell Institute , and a Stinehart-Reed Grant (to I.L.W.); an NIH shared equipment grant ( 1S10OD025091-01 ); PRIN-Prot. 2015NSFHXF (to L.M.); a Larry L. Hillblom Postdoctoral Fellowship , Stanford School of Medicine Dean{\textquoteright}s Postdoctoral Fellowship , Aldo Gini foundation Fellowship , and an Iniziative di Cooperazione Universitaria 2017 Fellowship of the University of Padova (to C.A.); and HFSP grant LT000591/2014-L , NIH grant T32 HL120824-03 , ISF grant 1416/19 , and HFSP grant RGY0085/2019 (to B.R.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s)",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
day = "26",
doi = "10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108681",
language = "English",
volume = "34",
journal = "Cell Reports",
issn = "2211-1247",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "4",
}