@article{56aa8674fe744576b540acc9ee455feb,
title = "Social physics",
abstract = "Recent decades have seen a rise in the use of physics methods to study different societal phenomena. This development has been due to physicists venturing outside of their traditional domains of interest, but also due to scientists from other disciplines taking from physics the methods that have proven so successful throughout the 19th and the 20th century. Here we characterise the field with the term {\textquoteleft}social physics{\textquoteright} and pay our respect to intellectual mavericks who nurtured it to maturity. We do so by reviewing the current state of the art. Starting with a set of topics that are at the heart of modern human societies, we review research dedicated to urban development and traffic, the functioning of financial markets, cooperation as the basis for our evolutionary success, the structure of social networks, and the integration of intelligent machines into these networks. We then shift our attention to a set of topics that explore potential threats to society. These include criminal behaviour, large-scale migration, epidemics, environmental challenges, and climate change. We end the coverage of each topic with promising directions for future research. Based on this, we conclude that the future for social physics is bright. Physicists studying societal phenomena are no longer a curiosity, but rather a force to be reckoned with. Notwithstanding, it remains of the utmost importance that we continue to foster constructive dialogue and mutual respect at the interfaces of different scientific disciplines.",
keywords = "Human behaviour, Multidisciplinarity, Statistical physics, Sustainability, Thermodynamics",
author = "Marko Jusup and Petter Holme and Kiyoshi Kanazawa and Misako Takayasu and Ivan Romi{\'c} and Zhen Wang and Sun{\v c}ana Ge{\v c}ek and Tomislav Lipi{\'c} and Boris Podobnik and Lin Wang and Wei Luo and Tin Klanj{\v s}{\v c}ek and Jingfang Fan and Stefano Boccaletti and Matja{\v z} Perc",
note = "Funding Information: We are thankful to Sheikh Taslim Ali, Yosef Ashkenazy, Simon Cauchemez, Xiaosong Chen, Benjamin J. Cowling, Zhanwei Du, Shlomo Havlin, Juergen Kurths, Josef Ludescher, Jun Meng, Lauren A. Meyers, Henrik Salje, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Maximilian Schich, Joseph T. Wu, and Xiaoke Xu. M.J. was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grants-in-aid for scientific research JP20H04288, JP21K04545, and JP21H03625. P.H. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI JP21H04595. K.K. was supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO grant JPMJPR20M2. Z.W. was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars, China (grant no. 62025602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants nos. U1803263, 11931015, 81961138010), the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation of China (grant no. 171105), and the Key Technology Research-and-Development Program of the Science and Technology-Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province, China (grant no. 2020TD-013). S.G. and T.K. were supported by the Croatian Science Foundation project 2018-01-3150 AqADAPT. B.P. was supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (grant no. J7-3156). L.W. was supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 804744), the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Impact Acceleration Grant RG90413, Health and Medical Research Fund, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (grant no. 20190712), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 62173065 and 11975025), and the International COVID-19 Data Alliance (ICODA), an initiative funded by the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator and convened by Health Data Research UK. W.L. was supported by The National University of Singapore Start-up and Ministry of Education Tier 1 grants (grant no. WBS R-109-000-270-133). J.F. was supported by the East Africa Peru India Climate Capacities—EPICC project, which is a part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI) sponsored by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety (BMU) on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag. The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) is leading the execution of the project together with project partners The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) and the German Meteorological Service, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). M.P. was supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (grant nos. P1-0403, J1-2457, and J1-9112). Funding Information: We are thankful to Sheikh Taslim Ali, Yosef Ashkenazy, Simon Cauchemez, Xiaosong Chen, Benjamin J. Cowling, Zhanwei Du, Shlomo Havlin, Juergen Kurths, Josef Ludescher, Jun Meng, Lauren A. Meyers, Henrik Salje, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Maximilian Schich, Joseph T. Wu, and Xiaoke Xu. M. J. was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grants-in-aid for scientific research JP20H04288 , JP21K04545 , and JP21H03625 . P.H. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI JP21H04595 . K. K. was supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , PRESTO grant JPMJPR20M2 . Z. W. was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars, China (grant no. 62025602 ), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants nos. U1803263 , 11931015 , 81961138010 ), the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation of China (grant no. 171105 ), and the Key Technology Research-and-Development Program of the Science and Technology-Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province, China (grant no. 2020TD-013 ). S. G. and T. K. were supported by the Croatian Science Foundation project 2018-01-3150 AqADAPT. B. P. was supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (grant no. J7-3156 ). L. W. was supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 804744 ), the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Impact Acceleration Grant RG90413 , Health and Medical Research Fund , Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (grant no. 20190712 ), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 62173065 and 11975025 ), and the International COVID-19 Data Alliance (ICODA), an initiative funded by the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator and convened by Health Data Research UK. W. L. was supported by The National University of Singapore Start-up and Ministry of Education Tier 1 grants (grant no. WBS R-109-000-270-133 ). J. F. was supported by the East Africa Peru India Climate Capacities—EPICC project, which is a part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI) sponsored by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety (BMU) on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag. The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) is leading the execution of the project together with project partners The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) and the German Meteorological Service, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). M. P. was supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (grant nos. P1-0403 , J1-2457 , and J1-9112 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2022",
month = feb,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1016/j.physrep.2021.10.005",
language = "English",
volume = "948",
pages = "1--148",
journal = "Physics Reports",
issn = "0370-1573",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}
