Start-up of anammox sbr from non-specific inoculum and process acceleration methods by hydrazine

Ivar Zekker; Oleg Artemchuk; Ergo Rikmann; Kelvin Ohimai; Gourav Dhar Bhowmick; Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar; Juris Burlakovs; Taavo Tenno

doi:10.3390/w13030350

Start-up of anammox sbr from non-specific inoculum and process acceleration methods by hydrazine

Ivar Zekker, Oleg Artemchuk, Ergo Rikmann, Kelvin Ohimai, Gourav Dhar Bhowmick, Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar, Juris Burlakovs, Taavo Tenno

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

66 Scopus citations

Abstract

Biological nutrient removal from wastewater to reach acceptable levels is needed to protect water resources and avoid eutrophication. The start-up of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from scratch was investigated in a 20 L sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at 30 ± 0.5^◦C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2-3 days. The use of NH₄Cl, NaNO₂, and reject water as nitrogen sources created different salinity periods, in which the anammox process performance was assessed: Low (<0.2 g of Cl⁻/L), high (18.2 g of Cl⁻/L), or optimum salinity (0.5-2 g of Cl⁻/L). Reject water feeding gave the optimum salinity, with an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 80%, and a TNRR of 0.08 kg N/m³/d being achieved after 193 days. The main aim was to show the effect of a hydrazine addition on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and denitrification activity in the start-up process to boost the autotrophic nitrogen removal from scratch. The effect of the anammox intermediate hydrazine addition was tested to assess its concentration effect (range of 2-12.5 mg of N₂H₄/L) on diminishing denitrifier activity and accelerating anammox activity at the same time. Heterotrophic denitrifiers’ activity was diminished by all hydrazine additions compared to the control; 5 mg of N₂H₄/L added enhanced SAA compared to the control, achieving an SAA of 0.72 (±0.01) mg N/g MLSS/h, while the test with 7.5 mg of N2H4/L reached the highest overall SAA of 0.98 (±0.09) mg N g/MLSS/h. The addition of trace amounts of hydrazine for 6 h was also able to enhance SAA after inhibition by organic carbon source sodium acetate addition at a high C/N ratio of 10/1. The start-up of anammox bacteria from the aerobic-anaerobic suspended biomass was successful, with hydrazine significantly accelerating anammox activity and decreasing denitrifier activity, making the method applicable for side-stream as well as mainstream treatment.

Original language	English
Article number	350
Journal	Water (Switzerland)
Volume	13
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/w13030350
State	Published - 1 Feb 2021
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Anammox
Anammox activity
Granular biomass
Hydrazine
Nitrogen removal
Reject water
Salinity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Biochemistry
Geography, Planning and Development
Aquatic Science
Water Science and Technology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.3390/w13030350

Cite this

@article{e5c35b4ed6db4ea8967b28fed3a9860c,

title = "Start-up of anammox sbr from non-specific inoculum and process acceleration methods by hydrazine",

abstract = "Biological nutrient removal from wastewater to reach acceptable levels is needed to protect water resources and avoid eutrophication. The start-up of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from scratch was investigated in a 20 L sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at 30 ± 0.5◦C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2-3 days. The use of NH4Cl, NaNO2, and reject water as nitrogen sources created different salinity periods, in which the anammox process performance was assessed: Low (<0.2 g of Cl−/L), high (18.2 g of Cl−/L), or optimum salinity (0.5-2 g of Cl−/L). Reject water feeding gave the optimum salinity, with an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 80%, and a TNRR of 0.08 kg N/m3/d being achieved after 193 days. The main aim was to show the effect of a hydrazine addition on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and denitrification activity in the start-up process to boost the autotrophic nitrogen removal from scratch. The effect of the anammox intermediate hydrazine addition was tested to assess its concentration effect (range of 2-12.5 mg of N2H4/L) on diminishing denitrifier activity and accelerating anammox activity at the same time. Heterotrophic denitrifiers{\textquoteright} activity was diminished by all hydrazine additions compared to the control; 5 mg of N2H4/L added enhanced SAA compared to the control, achieving an SAA of 0.72 (±0.01) mg N/g MLSS/h, while the test with 7.5 mg of N2H4/L reached the highest overall SAA of 0.98 (±0.09) mg N g/MLSS/h. The addition of trace amounts of hydrazine for 6 h was also able to enhance SAA after inhibition by organic carbon source sodium acetate addition at a high C/N ratio of 10/1. The start-up of anammox bacteria from the aerobic-anaerobic suspended biomass was successful, with hydrazine significantly accelerating anammox activity and decreasing denitrifier activity, making the method applicable for side-stream as well as mainstream treatment.",

keywords = "Anammox, Anammox activity, Granular biomass, Hydrazine, Nitrogen removal, Reject water, Salinity",

author = "Ivar Zekker and Oleg Artemchuk and Ergo Rikmann and Kelvin Ohimai and {Dhar Bhowmick}, Gourav and {Madhao Ghangrekar}, Makarand and Juris Burlakovs and Taavo Tenno",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2021",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3390/w13030350",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Water (Switzerland)",

issn = "2073-4441",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Start-up of anammox sbr from non-specific inoculum and process acceleration methods by hydrazine

AU - Zekker, Ivar

AU - Artemchuk, Oleg

AU - Rikmann, Ergo

AU - Ohimai, Kelvin

AU - Dhar Bhowmick, Gourav

AU - Madhao Ghangrekar, Makarand

AU - Burlakovs, Juris

AU - Tenno, Taavo

PY - 2021/2/1

Y1 - 2021/2/1

N2 - Biological nutrient removal from wastewater to reach acceptable levels is needed to protect water resources and avoid eutrophication. The start-up of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from scratch was investigated in a 20 L sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at 30 ± 0.5◦C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2-3 days. The use of NH4Cl, NaNO2, and reject water as nitrogen sources created different salinity periods, in which the anammox process performance was assessed: Low (<0.2 g of Cl−/L), high (18.2 g of Cl−/L), or optimum salinity (0.5-2 g of Cl−/L). Reject water feeding gave the optimum salinity, with an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 80%, and a TNRR of 0.08 kg N/m3/d being achieved after 193 days. The main aim was to show the effect of a hydrazine addition on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and denitrification activity in the start-up process to boost the autotrophic nitrogen removal from scratch. The effect of the anammox intermediate hydrazine addition was tested to assess its concentration effect (range of 2-12.5 mg of N2H4/L) on diminishing denitrifier activity and accelerating anammox activity at the same time. Heterotrophic denitrifiers’ activity was diminished by all hydrazine additions compared to the control; 5 mg of N2H4/L added enhanced SAA compared to the control, achieving an SAA of 0.72 (±0.01) mg N/g MLSS/h, while the test with 7.5 mg of N2H4/L reached the highest overall SAA of 0.98 (±0.09) mg N g/MLSS/h. The addition of trace amounts of hydrazine for 6 h was also able to enhance SAA after inhibition by organic carbon source sodium acetate addition at a high C/N ratio of 10/1. The start-up of anammox bacteria from the aerobic-anaerobic suspended biomass was successful, with hydrazine significantly accelerating anammox activity and decreasing denitrifier activity, making the method applicable for side-stream as well as mainstream treatment.

AB - Biological nutrient removal from wastewater to reach acceptable levels is needed to protect water resources and avoid eutrophication. The start-up of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from scratch was investigated in a 20 L sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at 30 ± 0.5◦C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2-3 days. The use of NH4Cl, NaNO2, and reject water as nitrogen sources created different salinity periods, in which the anammox process performance was assessed: Low (<0.2 g of Cl−/L), high (18.2 g of Cl−/L), or optimum salinity (0.5-2 g of Cl−/L). Reject water feeding gave the optimum salinity, with an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 80%, and a TNRR of 0.08 kg N/m3/d being achieved after 193 days. The main aim was to show the effect of a hydrazine addition on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and denitrification activity in the start-up process to boost the autotrophic nitrogen removal from scratch. The effect of the anammox intermediate hydrazine addition was tested to assess its concentration effect (range of 2-12.5 mg of N2H4/L) on diminishing denitrifier activity and accelerating anammox activity at the same time. Heterotrophic denitrifiers’ activity was diminished by all hydrazine additions compared to the control; 5 mg of N2H4/L added enhanced SAA compared to the control, achieving an SAA of 0.72 (±0.01) mg N/g MLSS/h, while the test with 7.5 mg of N2H4/L reached the highest overall SAA of 0.98 (±0.09) mg N g/MLSS/h. The addition of trace amounts of hydrazine for 6 h was also able to enhance SAA after inhibition by organic carbon source sodium acetate addition at a high C/N ratio of 10/1. The start-up of anammox bacteria from the aerobic-anaerobic suspended biomass was successful, with hydrazine significantly accelerating anammox activity and decreasing denitrifier activity, making the method applicable for side-stream as well as mainstream treatment.

KW - Anammox

KW - Anammox activity

KW - Granular biomass

KW - Hydrazine

KW - Nitrogen removal

KW - Reject water

KW - Salinity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101125820&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/w13030350

DO - 10.3390/w13030350

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85101125820

SN - 2073-4441

VL - 13

JO - Water (Switzerland)

JF - Water (Switzerland)

IS - 3

M1 - 350

ER -

Start-up of anammox sbr from non-specific inoculum and process acceleration methods by hydrazine

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this