Surrogacy disruptions: narratives of retired Israeli surrogates with an incomplete surrogacy experience

Research question: What are the lived experiences and narratives of retired surrogates whose surrogacy experience did not end in a live birth? Design: This study is based on 15 narrative interviews conducted with retired Israeli surrogates who experienced an incomplete surrogacy process that ultimately did not result in conception, pregnancy or a live birth. Results: The findings indicate that surrogacy disruptions can lead to a state of incomplete identity. The disrupted linear narrative engenders an inner conflict, leaving the surrogates uncertain how to define themselves and believing that their incomplete story lacks importance. Surrogates use coping strategies to reconcile their expectations with reality, attempting to assert their sense of identity and agency despite unrecognized disruptions. Conclusions: This research challenges the assumptions about reproductive linearity via the use of technology, broadening the definition of ‘surrogate’ to include and acknowledge women who agree to try to carry a baby for others, regardless of the outcome. Recognizing the occurrence of surrogacy disruptions is crucial for guiding ethical practices and shaping regulations that prioritize the well-being and protection of surrogate rights.