Sustainable synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles: Biological applications of Cedrus deodara extract

This research article explains a green synthesis of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing Cedrus deodara wood extract. The wood extract of this medicinal plant was used to synthesize the α-Fe₂O₃ NPs and utilized in various applications including biological applications on Osteosarcoma (MG63) and Lung cancer (A549). Along with this, we have also estimated its anti-bacterial properties on P. aeruginosa bacterial strain. The α-Fe₂O₃ NPs showed high antioxidant activity with DPPH and FRAP values of 86.05 % and 86.04 %, outperforming the antioxidant capacity of Cedrus deodara extract alone (79.16 % and 71.09 %). In cytotoxicity tests, they effectively inhibited osteosarcoma (MG63) and lung carcinoma (A549) cell lines, showing greater cytotoxicity against MG63 cells (IC₅₀ of 19.86 μg/mL) than A549 cells (IC₅₀ of 24.66 μg/mL) after 24 h. They also displayed strong antibacterial activity. This work presents a novel biogenic α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle synthesized from Cedrus deodara extract, exhibiting exceptional antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities.