Synthesis and characterization of novel fe₃ o₄ /pva/eggshell hybrid nanocomposite for photodegradation and antibacterial activity

In the 21st century, hybrid nanocomposites were widely used in bioelectronic, biosens-ing, photocatalytic, and biomedical applications. In the present study, we fabricated a novel Fe₃ O₄ /PVA/Eggshell hybrid nanocomposite and physicochemically characterized it using powder XRD, EDS, FTIR, VSM, and HR-TEM analysis. The XRD spectrum revealed the crystalline and FCC configuration of Fe₃ O₄ NPs with average crystal size of 16.28 nm, and the HRTEM image indicates the prepared hybrid nanocomposite is of spherical shape with less agglomeration. This hybrid nanocomposite showed a significant photodegradation property in degrading organic pollutants such as congo red and crystal violet dyes under the sunlight irradiation. In addition, the hybrid nanocomposite also displayed a potent antibacterial property against different Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacterial pathogens. This study provides a significant example in the overview of fabrication of cost effectively, eco-friendly, and multiple-application hybrid nanocomposites through eggshell membrane fibers.