TY - JOUR
T1 - Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoparticles of Controlled Diameter
AU - Shaltiel, Lior
AU - Shemesh, Asaf
AU - Raviv, Uri
AU - Barenholz, Yechezkel
AU - Levi-Kalisman, Yael
N1 - Funding Information:
Special thanks to P. Jadzinsky for his invaluable advice and fruitful discussions. We thank H. Tsunoyama and T. Tsukuda for the mass spectrometry measurements. A.S. and U.R. thank the Israel Science Foundation (Grant 656/17). L.S. is grateful to the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/under REA grant agreement [607072] to Lipocure Ltd. for the funding. The authors thank S. High and his team from Manchester University for kindly providing the TA proteins for the research as part of the collaboration under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme. This work was also supported by the Barenholz fund that was established by the Hebrew University which received royalties from Doxil and other Barenholz inventions. The Barenholz Fund established with a portion of these royalties which is used to support research in the Barenholz Lab.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2019/11/21
Y1 - 2019/11/21
N2 - Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been the focus of many studies owing to their unique optical and electronic properties and versatile applications. However, synthesis of stable and homogeneous AuNPs with a particular choice of size is still a challenge. In this study we describe a direct synthesis approach to produce stable and monodisperse water-soluble AuNPs with a tightly controlled diameter in the 1.7-2.4 nm range. We controlled the size by changing only the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration in the synthesis. Gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and solution X-ray scattering showed that the AuNPs had narrow size-distributions. We further showed that AuNPs of the different sizes were clearly distinguishable in TEM micrographs, paving the way to dual-target labeling. The reactivity of the AuNPs toward DNA and proteins was also demonstrated. We utilized this reactivity to label tail-anchored proteins embedded in the membrane of the anticancer nanodrug Doxil as a means to target it to specific cell types. The gold-labeling enabled the precise localization of the tail-anchored proteins in cryo-TEM images of the therapeutic liposomes.
AB - Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been the focus of many studies owing to their unique optical and electronic properties and versatile applications. However, synthesis of stable and homogeneous AuNPs with a particular choice of size is still a challenge. In this study we describe a direct synthesis approach to produce stable and monodisperse water-soluble AuNPs with a tightly controlled diameter in the 1.7-2.4 nm range. We controlled the size by changing only the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration in the synthesis. Gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and solution X-ray scattering showed that the AuNPs had narrow size-distributions. We further showed that AuNPs of the different sizes were clearly distinguishable in TEM micrographs, paving the way to dual-target labeling. The reactivity of the AuNPs toward DNA and proteins was also demonstrated. We utilized this reactivity to label tail-anchored proteins embedded in the membrane of the anticancer nanodrug Doxil as a means to target it to specific cell types. The gold-labeling enabled the precise localization of the tail-anchored proteins in cryo-TEM images of the therapeutic liposomes.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075045022&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08817
DO - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08817
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85075045022
SN - 1932-7447
VL - 123
SP - 28486
EP - 28493
JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry C
JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry C
IS - 46
ER -