TY - JOUR
T1 - Testing the nicotine dependence measure mFTQ for adolescent smokers
T2 - A multinational investigation
AU - Prokhorov, Alexander V.
AU - Khalil, Georges E.
AU - Foster, Dawn W.
AU - Marani, Salma K.
AU - Guindani, Michele
AU - Espada, Jose P.
AU - Gonzálvez, Maria T.
AU - Idrisov, Bulat
AU - Galimov, Artur
AU - Arora, Monika
AU - Tewari, Abha
AU - Isralowitz, Richard
AU - Lapvongwatana, Punyarat
AU - Chansatitporn, Natkamol
AU - Chen, Xinguang
AU - Zheng, Hong
AU - Sussman, Steve
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for this study was provided in part by grants from U.S.-NCI [P150 CA84735-01], NIDA [DA020138, K12-DA000167], TRDRP [11RT-0209]; China-Wuhan Public Health Bureau and CDC; India-Public Health Foundation of India [PHFI]; Israel and partners-USAID-MERC [M27-081]; Spain-Spanish Department of Economy and Competitiveness [PSI2011-26819]; Russia-Bashkortostan State Medical University [BSMU]; Thailand-Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Tobacco Control Research and Knowledge Management Center.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry
PY - 2017/10/1
Y1 - 2017/10/1
N2 - Background and Objectives: As a measure of nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers, the modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ; seven items), has been successfully used in the United States (USA). Nonetheless, the validity and reliability of mFTQ at the international level is still needed. The current study is the first to test the validity and reliability of mFTQ in four countries: Thailand, Spain, the USA, and Russia. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, mFTQ, risk factors of nicotine dependence, and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed. Risk factors included age of first cigarette, frequency of alcohol use, frequency of marijuana use, and number of cigarettes smoked yesterday. Salivary cotinine was also obtained in Thailand and Spain. Results: For all four countries, mFTQ exhibited a single factor structure, as supported by previous work in the USA. For all studied countries except Thailand, mFTQ presented acceptable internal reliability. Overall, risk factors of nicotine dependence have predicted mFTQ scores across countries. Frequency of alcohol use in the USA and frequency of marijuana use in Thailand and Spain were not associated with mFTQ scores. Discussion and Conclusions: mFTQ is a single-factor measure of nicotine dependence that shows acceptable internal consistency and validity across countries. Further work can advance the scale and tailor it to different cultures. Scientific Significance: mFTQ can be a clinically practical international measure of nicotine dependence. This study provides initial support for the utility of the mFTQ among Thai, Spanish, American, and Russian adolescents. Further research is needed to test and advance mFTQ across cultures. (Am J Addict 2017;26:689–696).
AB - Background and Objectives: As a measure of nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers, the modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ; seven items), has been successfully used in the United States (USA). Nonetheless, the validity and reliability of mFTQ at the international level is still needed. The current study is the first to test the validity and reliability of mFTQ in four countries: Thailand, Spain, the USA, and Russia. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, mFTQ, risk factors of nicotine dependence, and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed. Risk factors included age of first cigarette, frequency of alcohol use, frequency of marijuana use, and number of cigarettes smoked yesterday. Salivary cotinine was also obtained in Thailand and Spain. Results: For all four countries, mFTQ exhibited a single factor structure, as supported by previous work in the USA. For all studied countries except Thailand, mFTQ presented acceptable internal reliability. Overall, risk factors of nicotine dependence have predicted mFTQ scores across countries. Frequency of alcohol use in the USA and frequency of marijuana use in Thailand and Spain were not associated with mFTQ scores. Discussion and Conclusions: mFTQ is a single-factor measure of nicotine dependence that shows acceptable internal consistency and validity across countries. Further work can advance the scale and tailor it to different cultures. Scientific Significance: mFTQ can be a clinically practical international measure of nicotine dependence. This study provides initial support for the utility of the mFTQ among Thai, Spanish, American, and Russian adolescents. Further research is needed to test and advance mFTQ across cultures. (Am J Addict 2017;26:689–696).
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85023625425&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/ajad.12583
DO - 10.1111/ajad.12583
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85023625425
SN - 1055-0496
VL - 26
SP - 689
EP - 696
JO - American Journal on Addictions
JF - American Journal on Addictions
IS - 7
ER -
