@article{7ab7815897f548e9885dd75a2f8742a3,
title = "The biosciences knowledge value chain and comparative incubation models",
abstract = "This research derives from an EU DG Enterprise (IPS Programme) project on bio-incubation, called Bio-Link. The Bio-Link project is innovative in three ways. First, it involves an international comparative analysis of biotechnology incubators of the kind that is rarely if ever done. Second, the incubator representatives are monitored and investigated by an academic partnership team. Third, there is a stated aspiration by the incubator companies to engage in co-incubation across borders. Co-incubation is, as far as we are aware, a new kind of boundary crossing innovation in which advanced start-up businesses are assisted to enter other national markets and/or benefit from specialised services or scientific, technological, or commercial knowledge absent in the home country but present in a partner country. Evidence from research on European, Israeli and North American bioincubators is included to compare, contrast and enable future judgements of incubator appropriateness to biotechnology.",
keywords = "Biotechnology, Incubators, Innovation, Knowledge transfer, Universities",
author = "Philip Cooke and Dan Kaufmann and Chen Levin and Rob Wilson",
note = "Funding Information: The two bioincubators selected in the U.S.A. were, first, the Broad Hollow Bioscience Park, at Farmingdale, Long Island, NY, part of the State University of New York campus at Farmingdale and on the doorstep of the Cold Spring Harbour Research Institute, headed by James Watson, co-discoverer of DNA and co-initiator of the Human Genome project. The building of this bioincubator was funded by the state of New York, SUNY Farmingdale and the support of Cold Spring Harbour. The incubator{\textquoteright}s running costs are largely met by Cold Spring Harbour spin-out OSI Pharmaceuticals (acquirer of British Biotech in 2003), a successful business employing 120 and occupying most of the incubator. OSI was gifted one of Pfizer{\textquoteright}s R&D projects for an oncology drug on monopoly legal grounds consequent upon their acquisition, also in 2003, of Pharmacia, possessor of its own oncology treatment. Hence, while not a public–private partnership, this incubator receives private maintenance and related services from the private sector. Funding Information: The second American bioincubator in the comparison is Massachusetts Biomedical Initiatives (MBI) and specifically its MBIdeas Centre at Winthrop St., Worcester, MA. MBI established in 1985 is an independent, tax-exempt corporation created to support the growth and expansion of biotechnology and medical device companies throughout the region. The set-up funding for the MBI facility came from a grant of $1 million from U.S. Federal level through the Economic Development Administration (EDA) of the Department of Commerce. This was matched by a $1 million of private sector funding and $1 million from the State of Massachusetts. The healthy financial model at MBI is underlined by the fact that the majority of its operating income (80%) for the Worcester facility comes from rents with the remainder coming from State of Massachusetts in the form of grants, with the latter portion of income falling gradually. The intention is that, if extra space can be bought in the former St. Francis Hospital that houses MBI, the bioincubator will become self-funding. Hence MBI is the nearest to a non-foundation, private bioincubator operating in the market with low public funding. However, in essence, its funds come from rents and will come from a 1% equity investment from incubator tenants. Hence, it is becoming a market-facing institution unlike the other incubators in this research study. Funding Information: Genopole is member of a French network of such incubators with Evry (Paris) as the leader. BioM is a public–private partnership, mainly public, promoting biotechnology entrepreneurship in Munich. Consorzio Ventuni is a genomics technopole funded by the Sardinian regional government. Genopole{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}family{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} are in Lille, Rennes-Nantes and Strasbourg. Genopole was established in 1998 as a public agency with a mission {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}to create a new BioPark association between public sector and industrial research.{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} Organisations like CNS (gene sequencing), CNG (genetics) and Genplante occupy space amongst public research bodies like CNRS, INSERM, CEA, INRA, and Evry University—employing 1520 people in all. Research focii are gene analysis, gene function, gene therapy, nanobiotechnology and Life Sciences research.",
year = "2006",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/s10961-005-5025-3",
language = "English",
volume = "31",
pages = "115--129",
journal = "Journal of Technology Transfer",
issn = "0892-9912",
publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
number = "1",
}
