The critical care crisis of opioid overdoses in the United States

Jennifer P. Stevens, Michael J. Wall, Lena Novack, John Marshall, Douglas J. Hsu, Michael D. Howell

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

53 Scopus citations

Abstract

Rationale: Opioid abuse is increasing, but its impact on critical care resources in the United States is unknown. Objectives: We hypothesized that there would be a rising need for critical care among opioid-Associated overdoses in the United States. Methods: We analyzed all adult admissions, using a retrospective cohort study from 162 hospitals in 44 states, discharged between January 1, 2009, and September 31, 2015 to describe the incidence of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for opioid overdose during this time. Admissions were identified using the Clinical Database/ Resource Manager of Vizient, the successor to the University Health System Consortium. Results: Our primary outcome was opioid-Associated overdose admissions to the ICU. The outcome was defined on the basis of previously validated ICD-9 codes. Our secondary outcomes were in-hospital death and markers of ICU resources. The final cohort included 22,783,628 admissions; 4,145,068 required ICU care. There were 52.4 ICU admissions for overdose per 10,000 ICU admissions over the entire study (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.8-53.0 per 10,000 ICU admissions). During this time period, opioid overdose admissions requiring intensive care increased 34%, from 44 per 10,000 (95% CI, 43-46 per 10,000) to 59 per 10,000 ICU admissions (95% CI, 57-61 per 10,000; P,0.0001). The mortality rate of patients with ICU admissions with overdoses averaged 7% (95% CI, 7.0-7.6%) but increased to 10% in 2015 (95% CI, 8.8-10.8%). Conclusions: The number of deaths of ICU patients with opioid overdoses increased substantially in the 7 years of our study, reflecting increases in both the incidence and mortality of this condition. Our findings raise the need for a national approach to developing safe strategies to care for patients with overdose in the ICU, to providing coordinated resources in the hospital for patients and families, and to helping survivors maintain sobriety on discharge.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1803-1809
Number of pages7
JournalAnnals of the American Thoracic Society
Volume14
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Dec 2017

Keywords

  • Critical Care
  • Epidemiology
  • Opioid Overdoses

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

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