The epidemiology and impact of disorders of gut–brain interaction in Canada: Results from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiologic Study

Background: Using data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study examining prevalence of disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) in 33 countries, this study explored the prevalence of all 22 disorders in Canada. It examined differences related to geography and sociodemographic factors, health impact and compared these findings to other countries. Methods: The Rome Foundation survey was conducted through the Internet, targeting 2000 Canadian participants. The survey used the validated ROME IV diagnostic questionnaire to identify the 22 DGBI and an in-depth supplemental questionnaire that included quality assurance techniques. Key Results: There were 2029 respondents with a mean age of 48 years and 50% females. Diagnostic criteria for at least one of the 22 DGBI were met by 41.3%, similar to other countries. Functional constipation, functional diarrhea, and unspecified functional bowel disorders were most common. Irritable bowel syndrome prevalence was 4.2% using Rome IV and 10.1% using ROME III criteria. DGBI were associated with poorer quality of life and increased psychological symptom scores. Prevalence of DGBI ranged from 48% in Quebec to 36% in British Columbia. Prescription pain medication was reported by 17% with DGBI compared to 9% without DGBI and correlated negatively with mental health and physical well-being. Quebecers and francophones were in limited number but reported higher DGBI prevalence and symptom severity compared to others. Conclusions & Inferences: A large proportion of Canadians suffer from DGBI which seriously impact their well-being. Findings highlight the need for further research and education, including understanding whether significant regional and cultural differences contribute to DGBI.