@article{d63c6048c5864fc5b8d3e112b3953c36,
title = "The fundamental link between pneumococcal carriage and disease",
abstract = "Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major cause of worldwide mortality and morbidity, and to a large extent is vaccine-preventable. Nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus precedes disease and is the source of pneumococcal spread between people. The use of vaccine effect on carriage as part of the vaccine licensure and post-vaccine introduction evaluation could facilitate and expand the licensure of new, life-saving pneumococcal vaccines and enable a comprehensive estimate of population effects after vaccine introduction. The authors provide a review of the evidence supporting pneumococcal carriage at the individual level as an immediate and necessary precursor to pneumococcal disease. Based on such a causal link between carriage and disease, the authors emphasize the role of information on pneumococcal carriage in vaccine trials and in public health decision-making.",
keywords = "herd immunity, invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumococcal carriage, pneumococcal colonization, pneumococcal vaccine licensure, pneumococcal vaccines, pneumococcus, vaccine effect on colonization",
author = "Birgit Simell and Kari Auranen and Helena K{\"a}yhty and David Goldblatt and Ron Dagan and O'Brien, {Katherine L.}",
note = "Funding Information: The PneumoCarr Consortium has received funding via a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through the Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiative. R Dagan has received in the last 5 years grants/research support from Berna/Crucell, Wyeth/Pfizer, MSD and Protea; has been a scientific consultant for Berna/Crucell, GSK Bio, Novartis, Wyeth/Pfizer, Protea and MSD; has been a speaker for Berna/Crucell, GSK Bio, Wyeth/ Pfizer; and is a shareholder of Protea. H K{\"a}yhty has in the last 5 years provided consultancies on advisory boards for GSK Bio; has had travels paid by GSK Bio and Novartis as an scientific consultant, invited speaker or expert at symposia. K O{\textquoteright}Brien has served as an external consultant to Pfizer, Sanofi-Pasteur, Merck and GSK, and has received grants from Pfizer. D Goldblatt has served as an external consultant to Pfizer, Sanofi-Pasteur and Merck, and has received grants from Merck, Novartis, Sanofi-Pasteur and GSK. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.",
year = "2012",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1586/erv.12.53",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
pages = "841--855",
journal = "Expert Review of Vaccines",
issn = "1476-0584",
publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
number = "7",
}
