TY - JOUR
T1 - The impact of Herpes simplex virus type 1 on cognitive impairments in young, healthy individuals - A historical prospective study
AU - Fruchter, Eyal
AU - Goldberg, Shira
AU - Fenchel, Daphna
AU - Grotto, Itamar
AU - Ginat, Keren
AU - Weiser, Mark
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2015/10/1
Y1 - 2015/10/1
N2 - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a highly prevalent neurotropic virus. Although on the whole, chronic, latent or persistent infection is considered to be relatively benign, HSV infections can cause cognitive impairment during and after acute encephalitis. Some studies have documented cognitive impairment in exposed persons that is untraceable to encephalitis. Most studies have focused on these impairments in the mentally ill, mostly among individuals with schizophrenia, and only recently have studies begun to examine the impact of HSV infection on the cognition of healthy individuals.Subjects were a representative, random sample of 612 soldiers before active duty in the Israeli military (Israeli defense force - IDF), 62.2% HSV positive (n= 381) and 38.8% HSV negative (n= 231). Cognitive functioning and language abilities were compared between these groups, controlling for years of education, immigration status, and gender.Compared to soldiers who were sero-negative, soldiers who were sero-positive for HSV had significantly lower IQ scores (IQ= 97.96, SD= 15.19 vs IQ= 103.23, SD= 14.23; p. ≤. 0.001, effect size (ES)= 0.2), and significantly lower Hebrew language scores (ES= 0.1, p. ≤. 0.01). The results remained significant after removing subjects with mild depression, anxiety or personality disorders. Although we could not control for socio-economic status directly, our findings indicate that infection with HSV-1 is associated with reduced cognitive functioning in healthy individuals. This finding adds to the growing number of studies in the schizophrenia literature and indicates that many research findings seemingly characteristic of schizophrenia are related to the association between HSV exposure and cognitive functioning in general, and are not illness specific.
AB - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a highly prevalent neurotropic virus. Although on the whole, chronic, latent or persistent infection is considered to be relatively benign, HSV infections can cause cognitive impairment during and after acute encephalitis. Some studies have documented cognitive impairment in exposed persons that is untraceable to encephalitis. Most studies have focused on these impairments in the mentally ill, mostly among individuals with schizophrenia, and only recently have studies begun to examine the impact of HSV infection on the cognition of healthy individuals.Subjects were a representative, random sample of 612 soldiers before active duty in the Israeli military (Israeli defense force - IDF), 62.2% HSV positive (n= 381) and 38.8% HSV negative (n= 231). Cognitive functioning and language abilities were compared between these groups, controlling for years of education, immigration status, and gender.Compared to soldiers who were sero-negative, soldiers who were sero-positive for HSV had significantly lower IQ scores (IQ= 97.96, SD= 15.19 vs IQ= 103.23, SD= 14.23; p. ≤. 0.001, effect size (ES)= 0.2), and significantly lower Hebrew language scores (ES= 0.1, p. ≤. 0.01). The results remained significant after removing subjects with mild depression, anxiety or personality disorders. Although we could not control for socio-economic status directly, our findings indicate that infection with HSV-1 is associated with reduced cognitive functioning in healthy individuals. This finding adds to the growing number of studies in the schizophrenia literature and indicates that many research findings seemingly characteristic of schizophrenia are related to the association between HSV exposure and cognitive functioning in general, and are not illness specific.
KW - Cognition
KW - Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
KW - Schizophrenia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84942372790&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.schres.2015.08.036
DO - 10.1016/j.schres.2015.08.036
M3 - Article
C2 - 26362735
AN - SCOPUS:84942372790
SN - 0920-9964
VL - 168
SP - 292
EP - 296
JO - Schizophrenia Research
JF - Schizophrenia Research
IS - 1-2
M1 - 6524
ER -