TY - JOUR
T1 - The Magnificent Five Images of Supernova Refsdal
T2 - Time Delay and Magnification Measurements
AU - Kelly, Patrick L.
AU - Rodney, Steven
AU - Treu, Tommaso
AU - Birrer, Simon
AU - Bonvin, Vivien
AU - Dessart, Luc
AU - Foley, Ryan J.
AU - Filippenko, Alexei V.
AU - Gilman, Daniel
AU - Jha, Saurabh
AU - Hjorth, Jens
AU - Mandel, Kaisey
AU - Millon, Martin
AU - Pierel, Justin
AU - Thorp, Stephen
AU - Zitrin, Adi
AU - Broadhurst, Tom
AU - Chen, Wenlei
AU - Diego, Jose M.
AU - Dressler, Alan
AU - Graur, Or
AU - Jauzac, Mathilde
AU - Malkan, Matthew A.
AU - McCully, Curtis
AU - Oguri, Masamune
AU - Postman, Marc
AU - Schmidt, Kasper Borello
AU - Sharon, Keren
AU - Tucker, Brad E.
AU - von der Linden, Anja
AU - Wambsganss, Joachim
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
PY - 2023/5/1
Y1 - 2023/5/1
N2 - In late 2014, four images of supernova (SN) “Refsdal,” the first known example of a strongly lensed SN with multiple resolved images, were detected in the MACS J1149 galaxy-cluster field. Following the images’ discovery, the SN was predicted to reappear within hundreds of days at a new position ∼8″ away in the field. The observed reappearance in late 2015 makes it possible to carry out Refsdal’s original proposal to use a multiply imaged SN to measure the Hubble constant H 0, since the time delay between appearances should vary inversely with H 0. Moreover, the position, brightness, and timing of the reappearance enable a novel test of the blind predictions of galaxy-cluster models, which are typically constrained only by the positions of multiply imaged galaxies. We have developed a new photometry pipeline that uses DOLPHOT to measure the fluxes of the five images of SN Refsdal from difference images. We apply four separate techniques to perform a blind measurement of the relative time delays and magnification ratios between the last image SX and the earlier images S1-S4. We measure the relative time delay of SX-S1 to be 376.0 − 5.5 + 5.6 days and the relative magnification to be 0.30 − 0.3 + 0.5 . This corresponds to a 1.5% precision on the time delay and 17% precision for the magnification ratios and includes uncertainties due to millilensing and microlensing. In an accompanying paper, we place initial and blind constraints on the value of the Hubble constant.
AB - In late 2014, four images of supernova (SN) “Refsdal,” the first known example of a strongly lensed SN with multiple resolved images, were detected in the MACS J1149 galaxy-cluster field. Following the images’ discovery, the SN was predicted to reappear within hundreds of days at a new position ∼8″ away in the field. The observed reappearance in late 2015 makes it possible to carry out Refsdal’s original proposal to use a multiply imaged SN to measure the Hubble constant H 0, since the time delay between appearances should vary inversely with H 0. Moreover, the position, brightness, and timing of the reappearance enable a novel test of the blind predictions of galaxy-cluster models, which are typically constrained only by the positions of multiply imaged galaxies. We have developed a new photometry pipeline that uses DOLPHOT to measure the fluxes of the five images of SN Refsdal from difference images. We apply four separate techniques to perform a blind measurement of the relative time delays and magnification ratios between the last image SX and the earlier images S1-S4. We measure the relative time delay of SX-S1 to be 376.0 − 5.5 + 5.6 days and the relative magnification to be 0.30 − 0.3 + 0.5 . This corresponds to a 1.5% precision on the time delay and 17% precision for the magnification ratios and includes uncertainties due to millilensing and microlensing. In an accompanying paper, we place initial and blind constraints on the value of the Hubble constant.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85159679352&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4ccb
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4ccb
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85159679352
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 948
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
IS - 2
M1 - 93
ER -