The role of animal-based attractions in ecological sustainability: Current issues and controversies

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the contribution of animal-based attractions to ecological causes - particularly wildlife conservation and environmental education - while portraying the debate regarding the legitimacy and effectiveness of these sites. Design/methodology/approach: An extensive literature review gives examples, demonstrating the potential of animal-based attractions to support the causes of ecological sustainability while raising the challenges, constraints, and limitations in utilizing them to the fullest. Findings: Opposition to animal-based attractions is fierce and should be understood and addressed by management and regional associations. Practical implications: Suggestions for improving the sites' operations are elaborated throughout the paper. Originality/value: The paper is of value to relevant stakeholders including zoological professionals and animal activists, and it can raise awareness of certain aspects that may not have received adequate attention.