The share size of secret-sharing schemes for almost all access structures and graphs

Amos Beimel, Oriol Farràs

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

The share size of general secret-sharing schemes is poorly understood. The gap between the best known upper bound on the total share size per party of 20.64n (Applebaum et al., STOC 2020) and the best known lower bound of Ω (n/log n) (Csirmaz, J. of Cryptology 1997) is huge (where n is the number of parties in the scheme). To gain some understanding on this problem, we study the share size of secret-sharing schemes of almost all access structures, i.e., of almost all collections of authorized sets. This is motivated by the fact that in complexity, many times almost all objects are hardest (e.g., most Boolean functions require exponential size circuits). All previous constructions of secret-sharing schemes were for the worst access structures (i.e., all access structures) or for specific families of access structures. We prove upper bounds on the share size for almost all access structures. We combine results on almost all monotone Boolean functions (Korshunov, Probl. Kibern. 1981) and a construction of (Liu and Vaikuntanathan, STOC 2018) and conclude that almost all access structures have a secret-sharing scheme with share size 2O(√n). We also study graph secret-sharing schemes. In these schemes, the parties are vertices of a graph and a set can reconstruct the secret if and only if it contains an edge. Again, for this family there is a huge gap between the upper bounds – O(n/log n) (Erdös and Pyber, Discrete Mathematics 1997) – and the lower bounds – Ω (log n) (van Dijk, Des. Codes Crypto. 1995). We show that for almost all graphs, the share size of each party is no(1). This result is achieved by using robust 2-server conditional disclosure of secrets protocols, a new primitive introduced and constructed in (Applebaum et al., STOC 2020), and the fact that the size of the maximal independent set in a random graph is small. Finally, using robust conditional disclosure of secrets protocols, we improve the total share size for all very dense graphs.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationTheory of Cryptography - 18th International Conference, TCC 2020, Proceedings
EditorsRafael Pass, Krzysztof Pietrzak
PublisherSpringer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages499-529
Number of pages31
ISBN (Print)9783030643805
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jan 2020
Event18th International Conference on Theory of Cryptography, TCCC 2020 - Durham, United States
Duration: 16 Nov 202019 Nov 2020

Publication series

NameLecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume12552 LNCS
ISSN (Print)0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)1611-3349

Conference

Conference18th International Conference on Theory of Cryptography, TCCC 2020
Country/TerritoryUnited States
CityDurham
Period16/11/2019/11/20

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • General Computer Science

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